Health systems are interconnected. Underdeveloped surgical systems in one country or region can affect those in another. For example, certain African countries have poor cancer care, and patients will migrate from one country to another to seek care. This strains the health resources of the host country. The southern African country of Zimbabwe has a health system under near collapse due to recent economic and political instability.44 Treatment for many cervical, breast, and oesophageal cancers requires surgical care, but are difficult to access.45,46 Patients seeking surgical care from Zimbabwe (and other neighbouring countries) typically migrate to South Africa which is a hub for those who are desperately seeking lifesaving services.47 This places strain on already overburdened surgical services.