. 2021 Mar 19;11(19):11568–11582. doi: 10.1039/d0ra09706c

The hydrodynamic diameters and PDIs of the e-TiO₂-NPs suspensions (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% w/w) without or with the presence of the food matrix during each phase of in vitro digestion^a.

Food matrix	Digestion step	Hydrodynamic size (nm)			PDI
Food matrix	Digestion step	0.5%	1%	1.5%	0.5%	1%	1.5%
Without	Before digestion	610.41 ± 32.11^a	442.38 ± 8.72^a	344.82 ± 0.92^a	0.26 ± 0.01^ab	0.26 ± 0.01^a	0.19 ± 0.01^a
	Salivary step	609.35 ± 16.89^a	873.74 ± 11.89^b	622.51 ± 13.18^b	0.34 ± 0.01b^c	0.37 ± 0.00^b	0.36 ± 0.02^b
	Gastric step	1164.40 ± 172.43^b	1183.42 ± 30.71^c	983.05 ± 35.80^c	0.24 ± 0.03^a	0.25 ± 0.04^a	0.25 ± 0.02^a
	Intestinal step	2534.06 ± 47.55^c	2899.95 ± 38.49^d	3941.63 ± 56.64^d	0.40 ± 0.07^c	0.46 ± 0.05^c	0.37 ± 0.17^b
With	Before digestion	381.53 ± 5.81**^A	328.20 ± 10.96**^A	295.75 ± 13.688**^A	0.16 ± 0.02**^A	0.13 ± 0.01**^A	0.12 ± 0.02**^A
	Salivary step	554.71 ± 33.85^B	799.75 ± 64.99^B	554.75 ± 59.61^B	0.17 ± 0.02**^A	0.20 ± 0.02**^B	0.23 ± 0.07*^B
	Gastric step	1402.19 ± 61.53^C	1330.62 ± 186.12^C	1405.62 ± 215.57^C	0.30 ± 0.03^B	0.31 ± 0.03^C	0.31 ± 0.05^B
	Intestinal step	2245.30 ± 46.06**^D	2856.43 ± 18.22^D	3917.38 ± 102.69^D	0.39 ± 0.04^C	0.41 ± 0.02^D	0.47 ± 0.03^C

The lower-case (a–d) and capital (A–D) letters indicate significant differences between digestive step in the absence and presence of the food matrix (P < 0.05). * indicates significant differences between the absence and presence of food matrix for each phase of digestion (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01).

The hydrodynamic diameters and PDIs of the e-TiO2-NPs suspensions (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% w/w) without or with the presence of the food matrix during each phase of in vitro digestiona.

The hydrodynamic diameters and PDIs of the e-TiO₂-NPs suspensions (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% w/w) without or with the presence of the food matrix during each phase of in vitro digestion^a.