Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients according to obesity phenotype.
| Total | Type 1 | Type 2 | Type 3 | Type 4 | Type 5 | Type 6 | Type 7 | Type 8 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 15,464) | (n = 11,102) | (n = 588) | (n = 501) | (n = 532) | (n = 1,196) | (n = 564) | (n = 141) | (n = 840) | ||
| Sex, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||||||
| female | 7,034 (45.5) | 5,716 (51.5) | 91 (15.5) | 453 (90.4) | 288 (54.1) | 153 (12.8) | 24 (4.3) | 84 (59.6) | 225 (26.8) | |
| male | 8,430 (54.5) | 5,386 (48.5) | 497 (84.5) | 48 (9.6) | 244 (45.9) | 1043 (87.2) | 540 (95.7) | 57 (40.4) | 615 (73.2) | |
| Age, years | 43.7 ± 8.9 | 43.2 ± 9.0 | 43.7 ± 8.5 | 47.0 ± 9.0 | 45.2 ± 8.8 | 45.4 ± 8.3 | 43.8 ± 8.1 | 49.9 ± 7.8 | 43.8 ± 8.2 | <0.001 |
| Body Weight, kg | 60.6 ± 11.6 | 56.4 ± 8.9 | 72.9 ± 7.1 | 60.4 ± 6.8 | 74.7 ± 9.7 | 65.4 ± 7.2 | 74.6 ± 6.0 | 65.2 ± 8.4 | 81.8 ± 11.5 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 76.5 ± 9.1 | 72.7 ± 6.8 | 83.8 ± 4.3 | 83.4 ± 3.5 | 90.2 ± 5.6 | 80.6 ± 4.8 | 85.5 ± 3.2 | 86.8 ± 4.9 | 94.2 ± 6.6 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.1 ± 3.1 | 20.8 ± 2.1 | 26.0 ± 0.9 | 23.1 ± 1.3 | 27.3 ± 1.9 | 23.0 ± 1.4 | 26.3 ± 1.1 | 23.9 ± 0.9 | 28.8 ± 2.7 | <0.001 |
| Habit of exercise, n (%) | 2,709 (17.5) | 2,057 (18.5) | 116 (19.7) | 67 (13.4) | 68 (12.8) | 182 (15.2) | 96 (17) | 20 (14.2) | 103 (12.3) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||||||
| Never | 9,031 (58.4) | 6,843 (61.6) | 253 (43) | 405 (80.8) | 304 (57.1) | 505 (42.2) | 205 (36.3) | 93 (66) | 423 (50.4) | |
| Past | 2,952 (19.1) | 1,927 (17.4) | 146 (24.8) | 50 (10) | 103 (19.4) | 347 (29) | 180 (31.9) | 25 (17.7) | 174 (20.7) | |
| Current | 3,481 (22.5) | 2,332 (21) | 189 (32.1) | 46 (9.2) | 125 (23.5) | 344 (28.8) | 179 (31.7) | 23 (16.3) | 243 (28.9) | |
| Ethanol consumption, g/wk | 47.8 ± 82.3 | 46.0 ± 80.0 | 73.9 ± 99.7 | 27.5 ± 59.3 | 58.0 ± 96.5 | 52.4 ± 87.9 | 56.3 ± 89.3 | 41.5 ± 74.9 | 46.8 ± 84.1 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||||||
| Non | 11,805 (76.3) | 8,518 (76.7) | 384 (65.3) | 427 (85.2) | 388 (72.9) | 901 (75.3) | 422 (74.8) | 109 (77.3) | 656 (78.1) | |
| Light | 1,758 (11.4) | 1,279 (11.5) | 84 (14.3) | 47 (9.4) | 62 (11.7) | 125 (10.5) | 59 (10.5) | 16 (11.3) | 86 (10.2) | |
| Moderate | 1,360 (8.8) | 955 (8.6) | 81 (13.8) | 22 (4.4) | 52 (9.8) | 113 (9.4) | 57 (10.1) | 14 (9.9) | 66 (7.9) | |
| Heavy | 541 (3.5) | 350 (3.2) | 39 (6.6) | 5 (1) | 30 (5.6) | 57 (4.8) | 26 (4.6) | 2 (1.4) | 32 (3.8) | |
| FPG, mg/dl | 93.0 ± 7.4 | 91.7 ± 7.3 | 96.1 ± 6.5 | 92.2 ± 6.9 | 95.3 ± 6.9 | 96.8 ± 6.8 | 97.8 ± 6.2 | 96.6 ± 6.4 | 97.8 ± 6.5 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 56.5 ± 15.6 | 59.7 ± 15.5 | 48.7 ± 11.3 | 58.6 ± 14.2 | 51.1 ± 12.9 | 47.5 ± 12.3 | 43.5 ± 9.7 | 51.0 ± 12.6 | 44.8 ± 9.9 | <0.001 |
| Total Cholesterol, mg/dL | 196.0 (174.0, 219.0) | 192.0 (171.0, 215.0) | 198.0 (177.0, 223.0) | 203.0 (180.0, 226.0) | 205.0 (185.0, 227.2) | 208.0 (186.0, 230.0) | 209.0 (186.0, 231.0) | 214.0 (189.0, 234.0) | 213.0 (190.0, 234.0) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 80.8 ± 58.1 | 67.7 ± 46.1 | 99.5 ± 57.2 | 70.0 ± 40.2 | 96.4 ± 58.6 | 122.3 ± 73.0 | 138.3 ± 77.3 | 103.0 ± 53.1 | 136.2 ± 76.6 | <0.001 |
| ALT, IU/L | 17.0 (13.0, 23.0) | 15.0 (12.0, 20.0) | 21.0 (16.0, 28.0) | 15.0 (12.0, 18.0) | 18.0 (14.0, 25.0) | 25.0 (19.0, 34.0) | 31.0 (23.0, 41.0) | 22.0 (16.0, 29.0) | 30.0 (22.0, 46.0) | <0.001 |
| AST, IU/L | 17.0 (14.0, 21.0) | 17.0 (14.0, 20.0) | 18.0 (14.0, 22.0) | 17.0 (14.0, 20.0) | 18.0 (14.0, 21.0) | 19.0 (16.0, 24.0) | 22.0 (17.0, 27.0) | 19.0 (16.0, 22.0) | 22.0 (18.0, 28.0) | <0.001 |
| GGT, IU/L | 15.0 (11.0, 22.0) | 14.0 (11.0, 19.0) | 20.0 (14.0, 29.0) | 13.0 (11.0, 17.0) | 17.0 (12.0, 27.0) | 22.0 (16.0, 32.0) | 26.0 (19.0, 38.2) | 19.0 (15.0, 27.0) | 25.0 (17.0, 37.0) | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 114.5 ± 15.0 | 111.3 ± 13.8 | 122.7 ± 13.8 | 115.6 ± 14.6 | 123.4 ± 15.0 | 119.8 ± 14.0 | 125.3 ± 13.1 | 120.8 ± 13.8 | 129.0 ± 15.4 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 71.6 ± 10.5 | 69.4 ± 9.7 | 77.3 ± 9.6 | 71.4 ± 10.0 | 77.3 ± 10.3 | 75.6 ± 9.8 | 79.4 ± 9.2 | 76.0 ± 9.2 | 81.3 ± 10.5 | <0.001 |
| TyG | 8.0 ± 0.6 | 7.9 ± 0.6 | 8.3 ± 0.5 | 7.9 ± 0.5 | 8.3 ± 0.6 | 8.5 ± 0.6 | 8.7 ± 0.5 | 8.4 ± 0.5 | 8.7 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Follow up duration, days | 1,967.0 (986.8, 3,425.0) | 2,041.0 (1,020.0, 3,492.0) | 1,943.0 (979.8, 3,608.0) | 1,779.0 (1,058.0, 2,881.0) | 1,820.0 (770.0, 3,232.0) | 2114.0 (997.5, 3,644.0) | 2,061.0 (918.0, 3,376.0) | 2060.0 (847.0, 3,333.0) | 1,823.0 (752.8, 3,282.0) | <0.001 |
| Incident DM, n (%) | 373 (2.4) | 115 (1) | 14 (2.4) | 7 (1.4) | 14 (2.6) | 61 (5.1) | 46 (8.2) | 18 (12.8) | 98 (11.7) | <0.001 |
Data were mean ± SD or median (IQR) for skewed variables or numbers (proportions) for categorical variables.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, Body Mass Index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high density lipoproteins; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TyG, Triglyceride–glucose.