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. 2021 Dec 9;12:777510. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.777510

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Copyright © 2021 He, Wang, Gao, Wang, Li, Liao, Hu and Liang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Main biological functions of lncRNAs. In the nucleus (left), lncRNAs can interact with transcription factors to promote (1) or inhibit (2) gene transcription. In addition, lncRNA can directly regulate gene transcription as a signaling molecule(3). LncRNAs can also recruit histone modifiation-related enzymes to participate in epigenetic regulation, including histone acetylation and methylation (4). In the cytoplasm (right), minority LncRNAs have some coding ability to translate peptides (5). LncRNAs are the source of some sncRNAs in the cytoplasm (6). Some RBPs can interact with lncRNAs via specific motifs (7). Besides, lncRNAs can alleviate the inhibition of miRNA on mRNA translation via sponging miRNAs (8).