TABLE 1.

Important protein coding transcripts reported in cattle spermatozoa by transcriptome analysis.

Species	Study type	Groups	Transcripts (Gene symbol)	Function	References
Cattle	RNA-Seq	Whole transcriptome	ZBTB20	Spermatogenesis	Raval et al. (2019)
	RNA-Seq	Whole transcriptome	YWHAZ	Spermatogenesis and acrosomal reactions	Selvaraju et al. (2017)
		KIF5C and KCNJ6	Microtubule function
			TNP1, RAD21, UBE2B and RAN	Spermatid development
			TEKT1	Acrosome and on flagella and could play a key role during fertilization
			CAPZA3	Spermatozoa capacitation and spermatozoa egg fusion
			MAP7, PTK2, PLK1S1, MYH9 and PRKCZ	Spermatogenesis and sperm function
			PLCZ1 and PLCB1	Calcium signalling and the spermatozoon-induced activation of an oocyte leading to its final maturation
			ADAM1B, ADAM2 and ADAM32	Spermatozoal motility
			ZP3 and FOXG1	Embryogenesis-associated transcript
			PAG5, PAG7 and PAG10	Implantation and placentation
	RNA-Seq	High vs Low fertile	PFN1	Oocyte maturation, fertilization, embryo development, spermatogenesis	Prakash et al. (2021)
			PRKCA 1	Acrosome formation
			ODF1, BCL2L11, PRM2, TNP2, ODF2, SPEM1, and MEA1	Spermatogenesis
			YBX1, UBE2B, BCL2L11, MYH10, and RBBP6	In-vitro embryonic development