FIGURE 6.

The PPAR signaling pathway. This signaling pathway begins through the interaction of a ligand with a GPCR, which triggers a series of signal conductions passed by AC, cAMP, and PKA until culminating in the activation and translocation of PPARα to the nucleus to modulate the expression of target genes. Abbreviations: AC, adenylyl cyclase; ACBP, acyl‐CoA‐binding protein; APO‐A5, apolipoprotein A5; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; CPT‐2, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2; GPCR, G protein‐coupled receptor; MMP1, matrix metalloproteinase 1; PGAR, PPAR gamma angiopoietin‐related gene; PKA protein kinase A; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor; RXR, retinoid X receptor