FIGURE 1.

Summary of the procedures used to establish normal tissue and cancer organoids. Induced pluripotent stem cells, somatic stem cells, and embryonic stem cells can be used to establish normal tissue‐derived organoids. Patient‐derived cancer cells can be used to establish in vivo xenografts or can be propagated on an enriched Matrigel matrix and cultured into three‐dimensional tumor organoids that have in vivo and in vitro applications. Abbreviations: ESCs, embryonic stem cells; iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells