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. 2021 Dec 7;10(12):767–779. doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.1012.BJR-2021-0274.R1

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© 2021 Author(s) et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence, which permits the copying and redistribution of the work only, and provided the original author and source are credited. See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Fig. 10 — a) Histomorphometric analysis was performed with images of Goldner’s Trichrome staining using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, USA). b) Semiquantitative analysis of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed using ImageJ. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Goldner’s Trichrome staining showed that in GHSR3h, endochondral ossification was mostly complete and bone-remodelling was partially complete, whereas in Gcon, Gclassic3h, GHSR1/2h, and GHSR1h, endochondral ossification and callus formation in the middle of the distraction regenerate were still ongoing, with signs of bone-remodelling. IHC staining of osteocalcin (OCN) indicated that OCN expression was still strong in Gclassic3h, GHSR1h, and GHSR3h. The highest expression level of collagen type I (Col I) was seen in GHSR3h, indicating that the best quality of new bone formation was achieved. * vs control (Gcon), "#" vs classic signal three hrs/day (Gclassic3h), "^" vs high slew rate (HSR) signal 30 mins/day (GHSR1/2h), "&" vs HSR signal one hr/day (GHSR1h), p < 0.050. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s multi-comparison test were used for comparison of mean values.