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. 2021 Nov 3;14:15. doi: 10.18502/jmehm.v14i15.7670

Table 2.

Subgroup analysis of incivility prevalence according to characteristics of included studies

Type of
Incivility
Subgroup Number of
Studies
Prevalence (95% CI) Heterogeneity %
(P- Value)
Verbal Country Classification
Developed 14 15.70% 29.57, 58.81 98.99% (< 0.001)
Developing 21 15.59% 49.26, 68.69 99.17% (< 0.001)
Instrument
WHO 25 75.57% 49.22, 65.87 98.93% (< 0.001)
NAQ 1 76.45% 70.71, 81.35 0% (< 0.001)
Verbal scale 1 24.96% 92.77, 98.08 0% (< 0.001)
Other 8 17.74% 55.98, 88.86 99.24% (< 0.001)
Setting
General 25 62.69% 53.48, 71.45 99.15% (< 0.001)
Emergency/Acute Care 4 74.29% 47.20, 93.97 98.18% (< 0.001)
Psychiatric 6 60.25% 41.67, 77.43 99.12% (< 0.001)
Sampling Method
Random 18 66.22% 55.28, 76.35 99.28% (< 0.001)
Convenience 10 60.99% 49.36, 72.02 98.09% (< 0.001)
Not Reported 7 60.29% 38.19, 80.39 99.23% (< 0.001)
Physical Country Classification
Developed 14 25.54% 14, 39.13 99.29% (< 0.001)
Developing 20 21.23% 15, 32.38 99.17% (< 0.001)
Instrument
WHO 24 20.15% 13.71, 27.46 99.06% (< 0.001)
NAQ 1 72.31% 66.36, 77.57 0% (< 0.001)
Verbal scale - - - -
Other 9 30.58% 16.28, 47.11 99.21% (< 0.001)
Setting
General 24 20.18% 14.36, 26.69 98.89% (< 0.001)
Emergency/Acute Care 5 19% 8.78, 31.91 94.91% (< 0.001)
Psychiatric 5 51.42% 24.91, 77.51 99.54% (< 0.001)
Sampling Method
Random 20 24.54% 15.52, 34.85 99.44% (< 0.001)
Convenience 9 24.12% 11.01, 40.32 99.03% (< 0.001)
Not Reported 5 22.75% 7.73,42.68 98.83% (< 0.001)
Sexual Country Classification
Developed 9 20.67% 9.26, 35.12 98.91% (< 0.001)
Developing 13 9.57% 5.41, 14.74 97.42% (< 0.001)
Instrument
WHO 17 10.25% 6.11, 15.28 97.97% (< 0.001)
NAQ - - - -
Verbal scale - - - -
Other 5 28.04% 13.28, 45.73 97.99% (0.00)
Setting
General 16 13.18% 7.53,20.10 98.71% (0.00)
Emergency/Acute Care 4 14.09% 2.71, 31.93 96.85% (0.00)
Psychiatric 2 22.61% 19.37, 26.02 0% (0.00)
Sampling Method
Random 14 13.48% 8.23, 19.77 98.02% (0.00)
Convenience 6 11.63% 0.89, 31.42 98.02% (0.00)
Not Reported 1 24.63% 21.43, 27.97 0% (0.00)
Mobbing No Subgroup 10 35.69% 21.23, 51.60 98.77% (0.00)
Psychological No Subgroup 7 54.27% 30.65,76.92 99.58% (0.00)