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Parameters of mitochondrial respiration in each group, including (A) state 3 respiration, (B) state 4 respiration, (C) RCR, (D) ADP/O ratio, and (E) OPR. Glutamate (10 mmol/L) and malate (5 mmol/L) were used as respiration substrates. Oxygen consumption is expressed in nmol O2/min per mg protein (mean ± SD). #p < 0.05 compared with sham; *p < 0.05 compared with the model group.
