Fig. 12. (a) Transient photocurrent response (I–t) curves; (b) EIS Nyquist plots under light irradiation; (c) the photoluminescence spectra (PL) measured at an excitation wavelength of 350 nm, and (d) cyclic voltammetry curves of TiO₂@PAn_Insitu TiO₂@PAn_Ads, and TiO₂@PAn_Imp photocatalysts.