Table 2.
Patient no. | Peripheral neurologic complication | Electrodiagnostic studies | Muscle & nerve biopsies |
---|---|---|---|
Magnetic resonance imaging | |||
1 | Brachial plexopathy | L. brachial plexopathy with sparing of axillary n. and suprascapular n. fibers | Not done |
L. brachial plexus showed asymmetric T2-hyperintensity of plexus trunks, divisions, and cords | |||
2 | Brachial plexopathy | L. brachial plexopathy with sparing of axillary n. fibers | Not done |
Diffuse L. brachial plexitis with serratus anterior muscle T2-hyperintense signal and enhancement reflecting acute denervation edema | |||
3 | Brachial plexopathy | Normal | Not done |
L. brachial plexus showed increased T2 signal of the left C5, C6 and C7 nerve roots extending to the upper and middle trunks | |||
4 | Peripheral neuropathy | Bilateral sciatic neuropathies | L. PB. m biopsy: severe myofiber atrophy, rare myonecrosis |
Brachial plexopathy | Bilateral upper trunk brachial plexopathies | L. sural n. biopsy: severe, active axonal loss | |
Entrapment neuropathy | Triceps-sparing L. radial neuropathy | Bilateral brachial plexi showed increased T2 signal in the C5/C6 roots | |
5 | Peripheral neuropathy | Multiple mononeuropathies: R. radial n., musculocutaneous n., median n. | Not done |
Normal MRI of the R. brachial plexus | |||
6 | Peripheral neuropathy | Bilateral sciatic neuropathies | R. PB m. biopsy: moderate m. atrophy |
Entrapment neuropathy | Bilateral cubital tunnel syndromes; R. PIN entrapment |
R. medial antebrachial cutaneous n. biopsy: myelinated axon loss with numerous phagocytosing macrophages within the endoneurium | |
MRI R. forearm showed T2-hyperintense posterior interosseous nerve in the Arcade of Frohse | |||
7 | Peripheral neuropathy | L. sciatic neuropathy | Not done |
MRI L. lumbosacral plexus without contrast showed an enlarged, edematous L. sciatic nerve behind the L. greater trochanter, distal to the sciatic notch | |||
8 | Peripheral neuropathy | Bilateral sciatic neuropathies | R. SPN biopsy: severe axonal neuropathy without vasculitis or thrombosis |
R. PB m. biopsy: extensive m. atrophy | |||
MRI not done (normal CT pelvis without contrast) | |||
9 | Peripheral neuropathy | Complete R. facial axonotmesis | Not done |
MRI brain shows long segment enhancement of the R. facial nerve from the fundus of the intra-canalicular segment through the mastoid | |||
10 | Entrapment neuropathy | Not done; clinical diagnosis of bilateral common peroneal entrapment neuropathies at the fibular heads | Not done |
Not done | |||
11 | Entrapment neuropathy | Bilateral common peroneal (axonotmetic) neuropathies at the fibular head | Not done |
Not done | |||
12 | Entrapment neuropathies | L. common peroneal neuropathy at fibular head; R. median neuropathy at the wrist | Not done |
Not done | |||
13 | Entrapment neuropathy | R. ulnar neuropathy at cubital tunnel | Not done |
Not done | |||
14 | Entrapment neuropathies | R. ulnar neuropathy at Guyon's canal; L. common peroneal neuropathy at the fibular head | Not done |
MRI R. wrist showed R. ulnar nerve enlargement and increased signal in Guyon's canal |
Abbreviations: L = left, R = right, PB = peroneus brevis muscle, m. biopsy = muscle biopsy, SPN = superficial peroneal nerve, n. biopsy = nerve biopsy, PIN = posterior interosseous nerve.