Table 3.

Summary of previously reported 3D models to elucidate key biological steps involved in bone metastases using different biomaterials.

Question	Cancer model	Biomaterials	Refs.
How does bone tissue recruit metastatic cancer cells?	Breast cancer	Fibrin	[87,102]
	Prostate Cancer	PCL	[91]
How does the bone matrix modulate cancer phenotype?	Breast cancer	Chitosan + Hydroxyapatite	[44]
		Poly-ether-urethane	[90]
		PLG + Hydroxyapatite	[42,43]
		PEGDA + Hydroxyapatite	[94]
		Gelatin + Hydroxyapatite	[88]
	Prostate cancer	PCL	[91]
		Collagen + Hydroxyapatite	[95,121]
		PCL-TCP + PEGDA	[92]
		Hyaluronan	[89]
		Decellularized bone	[97]
		PCL/gelatin	[93]
		Silk	[119]
How do cancer cells destroy bone tissue?	Breast Cancer	PLG + Hydroxyapatite	[42,43]
		Gelatin + Hydroxyapatite	[88]
	Prostate Cancer	PCL	[91]
		Decellularized bone	[97]
		Silk	[119]

PCL: poly(ε-caprolactone); PLG: poly(lactide-co-glycolide); PEGDA: poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate; TCP: Tricalcium phosphate.