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. 2021 Dec 23;19:444. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-01139-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Apoptosis analysis of treated SKOV3 and SKOV3_TR cells. A Fluorescence images using Hoechst H33258 staining and B corresponding quantitative analysis of apoptotic rate of SKOV3 and SKOV3_TR cells treated with various therapeutic nanocomposites: A, control; B, HA-miR let-7a-pGNR@MSN; C, HA-PTX-pGNR @ MSN; D, PTX/miR let-7a pGNR@MSN; E, HA-PTX/miR let-7a-pGNR@MSN. Scale bar = 100 μm. C Analysis of apoptotic rate of SKOV3 and SKOV3_TR cells treated with various concentrations of HA-PTX/miR let-7a-pGNR@MSN (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL). D Western blotting of apoptosis-associated proteins in SKOV3_TR cells treated with various therapeutic nanocomposites and E statistical analysis of relative protein levels: A, control; B, HA-miR let-7a-pGNR@MSN; C, HA-PTX-pGNR@MSN; D, PTX/miR let-7a pGNR@MSN; E, HA-PTX/miR let-7a-pGNR@MSN. F Flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis using annexin V-FITC/PI staining of SKOV3 and SKOV3_TR cells after treatment with various therapeutic nanocomposites. A, control; B, HA-miR let-7a-pGNR@MSN; C, HA-PTX-pGNR@MSN; D, PTX/miR let-7a pGNR@MSN; E, HA-PTX/miR let-7a-pGNR@MSN. G, H Corresponding quantification analyses of the percentage of live, early apoptotic, late apoptotic, and necrotic cells after treatment of SKOV3 and SKOV3_TR with various therapeutic nanocomposites: A, control; B, HA-miR let-7a-pGNR@MSN; C, HA-PTX-pGNR@MSN; D, PTX/miR let-7a-pGNR @MSN; E, HA-PTX/miR let-7a-pGNR@MSN. HA, hyaluronic acid; let-7a, lethal-7a; pGNR, polyethylene glycol-modified gold nanorod; MSN, mesoporous silica nanoparticle; PTX, paclitaxel; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; PI, propidium iodide