Table 2.

Selected characteristics of viruses used in the reported disinfectant tests

Virus*	Characteristics	References
ASFV	Family Asfarviridae, genus Asfivirus; dsDNA, 175–215 nm, enveloped, complex multilayer capsid. See text for other detail.	[5]
FMDV	Family Picornaviridae, genus Aphthovirus; ssRNA; small (30 nm), non-enveloped. Increasingly labile outside pH 7.0–8.5. Resists detergents and organic solvents. A proportion of viable virus remains after drying, with enhanced survival in organic matter.	[80, 82]
SVDV	Family Picornaviridae, genus Enterovirus; ssRNA; small (30 nm), non-enveloped. Stable in the pH range 2.5–12.0. Can survive for long periods in the environment. Low susceptibility to many disinfectants.	[47, 77, 80, 83, 84]
NDV	Family Paramyxoviridae, genus Avulavirus; ssRNA; ≥150 nm, enveloped. Inactivated by acid pH ≤2, survives for long periods at ambient temperature. Sensitive to detergents, lipid solvents, formaldehyde and oxidizing agents.	[85–87]
AIV	Family Orthomyxoviridae, genus Influenzavirus A; ssRNA; 80–100 nm, enveloped. Viable for days in environment, susceptible to a wide variety of disinfectants including surfactants, and inactivation at pH values below 3 and above 10.	[88, 89]
Parvo-viruses (non-human)	Family Parvoviridae; ssDNA; small (18–26 nm), non-enveloped. Resistance to low pH is often marked, but varies between types. Survive up to 1 year in organic material. Moderate susceptibility to peracetic acid, low susceptibility to many other disinfectants.	[81, 90, 91]
TGEV	Family Coronaviridae, genus Alphacoronavirus; ssRNA; approx. 130 nm, enveloped. Stable between pH 4 to 8, with strain variation. Environmental (in-feed, water and slurry) survival for days to weeks. Disinfectant susceptibility likely broad but data patchy.	[27, 92–94]
Sars-CoV	Family Coronaviridae, genus Betacoronavirus; ssRNA; approx. 130 nm, enveloped. Stable between pH 5 to 9. Survival in body fluid and faeces for several days at room temperature. Broadly disinfectant-susceptible, including surfactants.	[93–95]

*ASFV, African swine fever virus; FMDV, foot and mouth disease virus; SVDV, swine vesicular disease virus; NDV, Newcastle disease virus; AIV, avian influenza virus; TGEV, transmissible gastroenteritis virus; Sars-CoV, SARS-CoV-1 virus.