TABLE 4.
Comparison of instructor and student behaviors in CURE and non-CURE contexts, as characterized by the LOPUS
| Category | Non-CURE (median)a | CURE (median)a | Mann-Whitney U | p valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Student behaviors | ||||
| Typical behaviors | ||||
| Listening to instructor (L) | 21% | 33% | 188.50 | 0.040 |
| Performing laboratory exercise (Lab) | 69% | 76% | 271.00 | 0.726 |
| Test/quiz (TQ) | 6% | 0% | 47.00 | <0.001 |
| Interactive behaviors | ||||
| Individual student/group asking instructor a question with class listening (SQ) | 0% | 3% | 111.00 | <0.001 |
| Individual student/group asking instructor a question (X1) | 9% | 21% | 166.50 | 0.012 |
| Whole-class discussion (WC) | 2% | 10% | 186.50 | 0.035 |
| Making predictions (Prd) | 0% | 2% | 169.00 | 0.004 |
| Giving a presentation (SP) | 0% | 0% | 240.00 | 0.039 |
| Initiating one-on-one interaction with the instructor (SI) | 11% | 26% | 144.00 | 0.003 |
| Students interacting with other students in their groups (WG) | 75% | 82% | 255.50 | 0.503 |
| Students interacting with peers in another group (BG) | 12% | 37% | 185.50 | 0.034 |
| Noninstructive behaviors | ||||
| Waiting (W) | 0% | 5% | 194.00 | 0.045 |
| Instructor behaviors | ||||
| Typical behaviors | ||||
| Lecturing to class (Lec) | 9% | 26% | 165.00 | 0.011 |
| Real-time writing on the board (RtW) | 0% | 14% | 134.00 | <0.001 |
| Providing follow-up/feedback (FUp) | 0% | 4% | 164.50 | 0.003 |
| Demonstration or video (DV) | 7% | 9% | 274.50 | 0.779 |
| Monitoring the class/groups (M) | 39% | 23% | 150.50 | 0.004 |
| Interactive behaviors | ||||
| Posing a nonrhetorical question (PQ) | 2% | 12% | 189.50 | 0.042 |
| Talking to students/groups one-on-one (Tlk) | 36% | 63% | 183.00 | 0.030 |
| Posing a question to individual student or group of students (TPQ) | 6% | 22% | 105.00 | <0.001 |
| Initiating one-on-one interaction with individual student or group of students (TI) | 24% | 48% | 144.00 | 0.003 |
| Noninstructive behaviors | ||||
| Performing administrative tasks (Adm) | 35% | 16% | 122.50 | 0.001 |
| Waiting (W/W.1) | 13% | 0% | 128.00 | 0.001 |
aValues represent the median of the percentage of time spent on various activities over six laboratory sessions. They do not add up to 100%, because multiple behaviors can be observed during any 2-minute interval.
bPlease note that for both instructor and student behaviors, alpha was established a priori at 0.050, and a Bonferroni correction was applied to adjust for multiple comparisons, where αstudent_adjusted = 0.0042 and αinstructor_adjusted = 0.0045.