FIGURE 1.

Box plots compare student overall mean construct scores (n = 71). Nonidentical letters above bars represent significant (p < 0.05) differences among construct scores (as determined by ANOVA and post hoc pairwise comparisons using Tukey’s HSD). A one-way Welch’s ANOVA detected a significant difference between mean construct scores (F(3, 280) = 6.149, p = 0.00057, η² = 0.062). Tukey’s post hoc analyses reveal that students scored significantly higher on purposefulness than integration and critical awareness (p = 0.0025 and p = 0.0139, respectively), with no significant differences between the latter two constructs. Students performed significantly better on disciplinary grounding than integration (p = 0.0185), with no significant differences between disciplinary grounding and purposefulness. Box: 25th to 75th percentile; bars: minimum and maximum values. The error bars represent the standard error of the mean.