TABLE 3.

Codes and example responses of reasons why trainees’ interest in research increased or decreased

Code and definition	Example responses	Number of times code assigneda
		Increased Interest (N = 146)	Decreased Interest (N = 11)
Research Experience. Describes impact or role of the research experience or research mentor.	Increased: “Having a great experience in my lab with a mentor who was there for guidance increased my interest in conducting research in the future” Decreased: “My graduate student mentor was not helpful and made me feel not welcomed and uncomfortable. I always felt as an inconvenience to him.”	19	2
Skills and Experience–Describes experience or skill gain related to each area of trainee development
Professional and Career ­Development Skills	Increased: “I think understanding that I can really translate skills to any area of research was useful. It made me further understand that I will not be ‘stuck’ conducting the same research my entire life.” Decreased: “I gained a lot of respect for the people that pursue a career working in research, but I don’t believe that it would be something that I would pursue thanks to this experience.”	53	4
Research Comprehension and ­Communication Skills	Increased: “Being able to understand that there is more to research than just results. That it is about interacting with different people to try and reach some conclusion, that will lead us to another topic. That idea is what stuck with me from these discussions.” Decreased: “This workshop enforced that science is a hierarchical field that is difficult to break into.”	47	1
Researcher Confidence and Independence	Increased: “Increased the idea of possibilities and combating ideas of imposter syndrome and lack of self-worth. Overall the experience is quite energizing and stimulating.”	18	0
Practical Research Skills	Increased: “Having the knowledge and tools to conduct even basic research helps me feel less anxious about pursuing further research opportunities.”	13	0
Equity and Inclusion Awareness and Skills	Increased: “Being able to reframe a negative experience makes you better equipped to face challenges in the lab in the future. It allows you to work through that hard moment and be ready for future hardships.”	5	0
Research Ethics	Increased: “I feel my interest has increased; however, the class has brought to light the reality of working in research including the competitiveness and the importance of ethics and transparency in research.”	4	0
Researcher Identity	Increased: “Having the opportunity to conduct research in a different university and laboratory made me realize that no matter where I am at, I can see myself having a career as a research scientist.”	2	0
Workshop, Course, or Activity. Reference to a course or workshop featuring activities covered in the ER curriculum or specific activities from the ER curriculum.	Increased: “Methods taught to aid better literature reading and scientific writing helped a lot.” Decreased: “I do not enjoy the class but I do enjoy the research aspect itself. My mentor … is a wonderful professor and leader.”	39	4
Entering Research Cohort. Describes the impact of the community created by ER implementations.	Increased: “From the workshops, it showed me that other people have similar thoughts about their research experience (good or bad) and it is ok to talk about these situations without being embarrassed. This provided the feeling of a support network in research and encouraged me to keep going.”	12	0
Facilitator. Reference to a facilitator.	Increased: “The enthusiasm/knowledge of the instructor.”	2	0
General Interest, Experience or Skills. Trainee expressed that interest increased in general, or referenced their experience, but did not provide specific examples.	Increased: “Overall I learned so much about research and I have really liked it so far. I feel really good about the skills I have gained.” Decreased: “Nothing could have increased my interest, I am maximally interested in research.”	13	1
Other. Responses that did not directly address the question.	Increased: “I have taken many courses that have increased my interest in research such as, cell physiology, biochemistry, and genetics.”	2	0

^aResponses could be assigned multiple codes, so total number of codes may exceed the total number of responses.