Table 3.
Dual-task effects in cognitive and motor performance at day 5 and day 20 of robotic rehabilitation of the upper limb.
| Dual-task effects during dual task | 5 days | 20 days | RM ANOVA Within-subject comparisons | RM MANOVA Within-subject comparisons | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Type III sum of squares | df | Mean square | F | P | Type III sum of squares | df | Mean square | F | P | |
| DTE of DST-back | 13 | −1.817 | 5.243 | −0.671 | 1.067 | 8.536 | 1 | 8.536 | 0.610 | 0.450 | 2.858 | 1 | 2.858 | 0.693 | 0.423 |
| DTE of COWAT-phonemic | 13 | 0.192 | 0.853 | −0.059 | 0.577 | 0.378 | 1 | 0.378 | 1.098 | 0.317 | 0.756 | 1 | 0.756 | 1.098 | 0.317 |
| DTE of smoothness at DST | 12 | −0.016 | 0.097 | −0.016 | 0.089 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | 0.000 | 0.993 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.993 |
| DTE of smoothness at COWAT-phonemic | 13 | −0.023 | 0.095 | −0.004 | 0.062 | 0.002 | 1 | 0.002 | 0.418 | 0.530 | 0.004 | 1 | 0.004 | 0.418 | 0.530 |
| DTE of DST-back + DTE of smoothness | 12 | −2.069 | 5.469 | −0.751 | 1.067 | 2.867 | 1 | 2.867 | 0.690 | 0.424 | |||||
| DTE of COWAT-phonemic + DTE of smoothness | 12 | 0.171 | 0.847 | −0.062 | 0.576 | 0.621 | 1 | 0.651 | 1.104 | 0.316 | |||||
DTE, dual task effect; DST, digit span test; COWAT, Controlled Oral Word Association Test; RM-ANOVA, repeated-measures analysis of variance; RM-MANOVA, multivariate analysis of variance; SD, standard deviation.