Table 1.
Characteristics of 897 HIV+ and 332 HIV- WIHS Participants at Index Visit
| Characteristic, N (%) | HIV-infected (N=897) | HIV-uninfected (N=332) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at index visit, years, mean ±SD | 52.7 ±7.2 | 52.9 ± 7.8 | 0.84 |
| Education level high school or greater | 593 (66%) | 218 (66%) | 0.86 |
| Annual Income ≥$12,000/yr | 445 (50%) | 158 (48%) | 0.54 |
| Enrollment year | |||
| 94–95 | 288 (32%) | 113 (34%) | 0.61 |
| 01–02 | 213 (24%) | 83 (25%) | |
| 11–15 | 396 (44%) | 136 (41%) | |
| WIHS Site | 0.043 | ||
| Bronx/Manhattan | 121 (14%) | 67 (20%) | |
| Brooklyn | 117 (13%) | 36 (11%) | |
| Washington DC | 137 (15%) | 48 (15%) | |
| Chicago | 138 (15%) | 51 (15%) | |
| San Francisco | 107 (12%) | 46 (14%) | |
| Southern sites | 277 (31%) | 84 (25%) | |
| Race | 0.005 | ||
| White | 140 (16%) | 28 (8.4%) | |
| Black | 666 (74%) | 265 (80%) | |
| Hispanic/Other | 91 (10%) | 39 (12%) | |
| Smoking status | 0.006 | ||
| Never | 292 (33%) | 78 (24%) | |
| Past | 262 (29%) | 102 (31%) | |
| Current | 343 (38%) | 152 (46%) | |
| Cocaine, crack, or heroin use | < 0.0001 | ||
| Never | 388 (43%) | 105 (32%) | |
| Past | 451 (50%) | 183 (55%) | |
| Current | 58 (6.5%) | 44 (13%) | |
| Marijuana use | 0.062 | ||
| Never | 270 (30%) | 79 (24%) | |
| Past | 438 (49%) | 169 (51%) | |
| Current | 189 (21%) | 84 (25%) | |
| Recent alcohol use | <0.0001 | ||
| None | 499 (56%) | 134 (40%) | |
| Light (< 3 drinks/wk) | 342 (38%) | 158 (48%) | |
| Moderate (3–13 drinks/wk) | 22 (3%) | 9 (3%) | |
| Heavy (≥14 drinks/wk) | 34 (4%) | 31 (9%) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hepatitis C Virus infection | 153 (17%) | 43 (13%) | 0.081 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 227 (25%) | 96 (29%) | 0.20 |
| Hypertension | 507 (57%) | 186 (56%) | 0.88 |
| Renal dysfunction (eGFR <60) | 120 (13%) | 23 (7%) | 0.002 |
| Depressive symptoms (modified CESD ≥15) | 243 (27%) | 110 (33%) | 0.038 |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 175 (20%) | 54 (16%) | 0.19 |
| Obesity (≥30kg/m2) | 461 (51%) | 188 (57%) | 0.092 |
| Subjective cognitive complaints | 92 (10%) | 39 (12%) | 0.45 |
| CNS active medication currently used | |||
| Anticonvulsants | 158 (18%) | 41 (12%) | 0.026 |
| Antidepressants | 247 (28%) | 74 (22%) | 0.063 |
| Antipsychotics | 101 (11%) | 47 (14%) | 0.17 |
| Benzodiazepines and other sedatives | 105 (12%) | 46 (14%) | 0.31 |
| Muscle relaxants | 50 (6%) | 24 (7%) | 0.28 |
| Number of current CNS active medication types | 0.19 | ||
| 0 | 512 (57%) | 204 (61%) | |
| 1 | 201 (22%) | 57 (17%) | |
| 2 | 109 (12%) | 46 (14%) | |
| ≥3 | 75 (8%) | 25 (8%) | |
| Fall status | 0.20 | ||
| No fall | 665 (74%) | 238 (72%) | 0.43 |
| One fall | 117 (13%) | 42 (13%) | |
| More than one fall | 115 (13%) | 52 (16%) | |
| Frailty score | 0.024 | ||
| 0 | 362 (40%) | 135 (41%) | |
| 1–2 | 456 (51%) | 151 (46%) | |
| 3–5 | 79 (9%) | 46 (14%) | |
| Components of Frailty Index | |||
| Slow gait | 109 (13%) | 52 (16%) | 0.11 |
| Reduced grip strength | 193 (24%) | 62 (21%) | 0.31 |
| Exhaustion | 263 (29%) | 108 (33%) | 0.28 |
| Unintentional weight loss | 70 (8%) | 25 (8%) | 0.87 |
| Low physical activity | 257 (29%) | 115 (35%) | 0.042 |
| HIV disease related characteristics | |||
| AIDS defining illness ever | 332 (37%) | N/A | N/A |
| Current CD4+ cell count (cells/μl), mean ± SD | 720 ± 365 | N/A | N/A |
| Nadir CD4+ cell count (cells/μl), mean ± SD | 359 ± 246 | N/A | N/A |
| Suppressed HIV RNA viral load (<80c/mL) | 634 (71%) | N/A | N/A |
| Current ART use at index | 831 (93%) | N/A | N/A |
*
From Chi-square test. Percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding.