Table 3.

Effects of dietary supplementation of PFAs on growth performance of other birds under non-challenging conditions.

Feed Additive	Major Components	Dose (mg/kg Diet)	Diet	Line and Age	Main Findings	References
Grape seed extract	Polyphenols	100 and 200	Corn-soybean meal-based diet	Duckling (Pekin- female; 0–6 weeks)	↑ ADG, and final body weight with ↓ FCR	[102]
Oregano EO	Carvacrol and thymol (85%)	100	Corn-soybean meal-based diet	Duckling (Cherry valley; 0–5 weeks)	=ADG, FCR	[103]
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)	p-cymene, 1, 8-cineole, b-phellandrene, spathulenol, cryptone aldehydes, cuminal, phellandral, and a-phellandrene	100 and 200	NM	Laying Japanese quails	=Productive traits	[104]
Oregano EO	Thymol (5%) and carvacrol (65%)	150 and 300	Corn-soybean meal-based diet	Duckling (Cherry valley; 11–42 days)	=Final body weight, ADG, FI, and FCR	[105]
NM	Thymol	2000, 4000 and 6250	NM	Quail (Coturnix japonica; 85–128 days)	=BWG, FI, egg production, and egg weight	[106]
Leaves of Astragalus membranaceus	Polyphenols (saponins, flavonoids)	10,000, 30,000 and 50,000	Corn-soybean meal-based diet	Japanese quail (0–35 days)	↑ FI, and weight gain	[107]
Mentha piperita (peppermint)	Phenolic compounds	10,000, 20,000, 30,000 and 40,000	Corn-soybean meal-based diet	Quail	=FI and ADG	[108]

BWG: body weight gain; ADG: Average Daily Gain; ADFI: Average Daily Feed Intake; FI: Feed Intake; FCR: Feed Conversion Ratio; ↑: increased; ↓: decreased; =: equal.