Table 4.
Effects of dietary supplementation of PFAs on growth performance of broilers under challenging conditions.
| Feed Additive | Major Components | Dose, (mg/kg Diet) | Diet | Age | Treatment Effects (%, Compared to Control) | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BW | ADFI/FI | FCR | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | ||||||||
| Herb: Macleaya cordata plant | Four specific alkaloids mainly sanguinarine and protopine | 120 | Corn-soybean meal-based diet | 15–35 d | 12.7 | NS | −14.8 | [109] |
| Plant: Macleaya cordata Plant extracts EOs |
Benzo [c]phenanthridine alkaloids Carvacrol (4.95 g/100 g), cinnamaldehyde (2.97 g/100 g), and capsaicin (1.98 g/100 g) Thyme and anise, oregano, carvacol, yucca extract and cinnamaldehyde |
NM NM NM |
Corn-soybean meal-based diet | 15–21 d | NS NS NS |
NS NS NS |
−8.9 −10.0 −11.6 |
[74] |
| EO | Thymol (25%) and carvacrol (25%) as active components | 60, 120 and 240 | Wheat-soybean meal-based diet | 14–28 d | NS | NS | NS | [76] |
| Eimeria | ||||||||
| Herb: Curcuma longa | Curcumin | 100 and 200 | Corn-soybean meal-based diet | 12–20 d | NS | NS | NS | [81] |
| EOs: cashew nut shell liquid and castor oil | Cardanol, cardol, and anacardic acid Ricinoleic acid |
1500 | Corn-soybean meal-based diet | 0–42 d | 2.3 | NS | NS | [77] |
| Escherichia coli | ||||||||
| Resveratrol | Polyphenols | 600 | Corn-soybean meal-based diet | 0–42 d | 6.1 | 2.2 | −3.9 | [84] |
| Salmonella typhimurium | ||||||||
| Plant: Macleaya cordata | Benzo [c]phenanthridine alkaloids | 5000 | Corn-soybean meal-based diet | 8–15 d | NS | NS | −11.0 | [85] |
| Heat-Stress | ||||||||
| Plant: Turmeric | Curcumin | 100 | Corn-soybean meal-based diet | 21–42 d | NS | NS | −2.8 | [71] |
| Herb: Zingiber officinale | Gingerdiol, gingerol, gingerdione, and shogaols | 2000 | Corn-based diet | 0–42 d | 3.3 | NS | 3.0 | [70] |
| Herb: Artemisia annua | Phenolics (44.24 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (27.8 mg RE/g) | 1000 | NM | 21–42 d | 8.2 | 4.1 | NS | [69] |
| Turmeric rhizome powder | Phenolic compounds: curcuminoids | 2000 | Corn-soybean meal-based diet | 0–42 d | 10.6 | NS | 6.9 | [68] |
GAE: Total phenolic contents were expressed as Gallic Acid Equivalents (mg GAE/g); RE: total flavonoid content was expressed as Rutin Equivalents (mg RE/g); NM: Not Mentioned; NS: Not Significant; BW: Body Weight; ADFI: Average Daily Feed Intake; FI: Feed Intake; FCR: Feed Conversion Ratio.