Table 1.

Impact of noise of varying intensity on cattle. Own elaboration based on [59].

Noise Volume [dB]	The Effects of Noise
80 dB	excessive anxiety, increased heart rate, reduction in feed intake
90–95 dB	anxiety, frequent bowel movements, muscle tension, increased heart rate, reduction in rumen contractions, food retention
≥100 dB	morphological and biochemical changes in blood (increase in blood glucose levels, development of leukocytosis)