Table 4.
Studies included in this review, as well as provinces, methods, isolation sources, and Salmonella spp./isolates that were tested for antibiotic resistance.
| Study (Citation) | Province | Method | Sample Size | No. of Isolates | Isolate Source | Salmonella spp. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gouws et al., 2000 [48] | Western Cape | DDM | Culture | 442 | Animal/environment | Salmonella spp. |
| Mokgophi et al., 2021 [31] | Gauteng | DDM | PCR | 170 | Animal | S. Bovismorbificans (58.5%); S. Dublin (18.5%); S. Enteritidis (15.7%); S. Mbandaka (12.8%); S. Saintpaul (8.5%); S. Thompson (2.8%); S. Infantis (2.8%); and S. Agona (1.4%). |
| Gomba et al., 2016 [49] | Gauteng | DDM | MALTI-TOF-MS and PCR | 263 | Environment | S. Muenchen (33.3%); S. Typhimurium (12/39; 30.8%); S. Heidelberg (20.5%); S. Bsilla (7.7%). |
| Ramatla et al., 2019 [50] | North West | DDM | PCR | 114 | Animal | S. Typhimurium (n = 44, 30.5%); S. Enteritidis (n = 18, 12.5%); S. newport (7.6%); S. Heidelberg (11.1%); S. bongori (9%); S. enterica serovar Paratyphi B (4.8%); S. Tennessee (2%); and S. Pullorum (1.3%). |
| Adesiyun et al., 2020 [51] | Gauteng | DDM | Culture | 3 | Animal | Salmonella spp. |
| Mafu et al., 2012 [52] | Eastern Cape | DDM | Culture | 40 | Environment | Salmonella spp. |
| Jaja et al., 2019 [26] | Eastern Cape | DDM | PCR | 112 | Animal | S. Enteritidis |
| Mthembu et al., 2019 [53] | Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal | DDM | PCR | 194 | Environment | Salmonella spp. |
| Iwu et al., 2016 [54] | Eastern Cape | DDM | PCR | 258 | Animal | Salmonella spp. |
| Akinola et al., 2019 [55] | North West | DDM | PCR | 84 | Animal | S. bongori (10.09%); S. Pullorum (1.81%); S. Typhimurium (12.72%); S. Weltevreden; S. Chingola; S. Houten; and S. Bareily (1.81%). |
| Mathole et al., 2017 [56] | Limpopo, Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, North West, and KwaZulu Natal | DDM | Serotyping | 30 | Animal | S. Chester (3.3%); S. Cardoner (3.3%); S. Sambrae (3.3%); S. Typhimurium (3.3%); S. Schwarzengrund (6.6%); S. Aarhus (3.3%); S. Pomona (33%); S. Senftenberg (3.3%); and S. Techimani (30%); unclassified Salmonella (20%). |
| Igbinosa 2015 [57] | Eastern Cape | DMD | PCR | 150 | Environment | Salmonella spp. |
| Odjadjare and Olaniran 2015 [58] | KwaZulu Natal | DMD | PCR | 200 | Environment | Salmonella spp. |
| Zishiri et al., 2016 [42] | KwaZulu Natal | DMD | PCR | 146 | Animal/human | Salmonella spp. |
| Madoroba et al., 2016 [59] | Limpopo | DDM | PCR | 92 | Animal/environment | S. Heidelberg (2.2%); S. Aberdeen (1.1%); S. Hayindongo (1.1%); S. Mbandaka (2.2%); S. Anatum (2.2%); S. Othmarschen (1.1%); S. Nigeria (2.2%); S. Tennessee (1.1%); S. Cardoner (1.1%); S. Senftenberg (2.2%); and S. Pretoria (2.2%). |
| More et al., 2017 [60] | Western Cape | DDM | Culture | 235 | Animal | Salmonella spp. |
| Kennedy et al., 2020 [61] | KwaZulu Natal | DDM | PCR | 94 | Environment | Salmonella spp. |
| Dlamini et al., 2018 [62] | North West | DDM | Serotyping | 300 | Animal/environment | Salmonella spp. |
| Kalule et al., 2019 [13] | Western Cape | DDM | Serotyping | 8 | Human/animal/environment | S. enterica |
| Chipangura et al., 2017 [63] | South Africa | DDM | Culture | 58 | Animal | Salmonella spp. |
DDM: Disc-diffusion method; PCR = polymerase chain reaction.