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. 2021 Dec 9;12:691033. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.691033

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Copyright © 2021 Paulo, Abdo, Bettencourt-Silva and Al-Rifai

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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PRISMA flowchart. • Reasons for full-text exclusion: 214 GDM or DM total population 78 Wrong setting 29 Not in Europe 24 GDM Prevalence was incalculable 23 reported an unclear ascertainment of GDM criteria (I report containing information front Albania, 3 from Denmark, 2 from Finland, 2 from Ireland, 5 front Italy, I from Netherlands, 2 f:om Poland, 2 from Portugal, 2 from Spain, and 3 from United Kingdom). 15 reports have duplicate data [I from Croatia (30), I from France (31), I from Italy (32), 2 from Netherlands (33,34),6 from Norway (35-40), and 4 from United Kingdom (41-44)], and only the report that first published the study data was used. 9 Conference abstract with not enough information 8 Case-control (GDM vs. non-GDM) 7 Duplicates 6 Wrong patient population 1 Year of GDM diagnosis is UNCLEAR (Not mentioned).