Table 3.
Baseline studies characteristics from Western Europe.
| Author (Ref) | Duration of data collection | City | Sampling strategy | Population | Ascertainment method | Tested sample | GDM Positive | Prev. (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | ||||||||
| Bozkurt L. et al. (100) | 2010 – 2014 | Austria, Vienna | Unclear | General population with OGTT at 16 weeks | IADPSG | 221 | 81 | 38.3% |
| Tramontana A. et al. (101) | 01/2010- 11/2013 | Austria, Vienna | Whole population | General population | IADPSG | 4948 | 209 | 4.2% |
| Tramontana A. et al. (102) | Austria, Vienna | Whole population | Women with high-risk pregnancies | IADPSG | 382 | 170 | 44.5% | |
| Koninger A. et al. (103) | 2009 – 2018 | Austria, Essen | Whole population | Women with polycystic ovary syndrome | GDDD | 63 | 29 | 46% |
| Weiss C. et al. (104) | 01/2013 – 12/2015 | Austria, Linz | Whole population | Singleton pregnancies | WHO 2013 | 3293 | 553 | 16.8% |
| Belgium | ||||||||
| Benhalima K. et al. (105) | 01/2010 – 12/2013 | Belgium, Leuven, Aalst | Whole population | General population | Carpenter-Coustan | 14661 | 601 | 4.1% |
| De Munck N. et al. (106) | 03/2010 – 08/2014 | Belgium, Brussels | Whole population | Ocyte recipient with use of closed vitrification | Mix method | 112 | 13 | 11.6% |
| France | ||||||||
| Grunewald D. et al. (107) | 2008-2013 | France, Paris | Unclear | Pregnant women with cystic fibrosis | Medical records | 23 | 2 | 8.7% |
| Miailhe G. et al. (108) | 04/2011 – 02/2012 | France, Paris | Whole population | Singleton pregnancies | IADPSG | 2187 | 309 | 14% |
| Goueslard K. et al. (109) | 2007 – 2013 | France, National | Whole population | General population | Medical records | 1515387 | 62958 | 4.14% |
| Regnault N. et al. (110) | 2013 | France, Bondy | Whole population | General population | Medical records | 788494 | 67810 | 8.6% |
| Mortier I. et al. (111) | 01/2011 – 07/2012 | France, Marseille | Whole population | Singleton pregnancies | IADPSG | 444 | 60 | 13.5% |
| Boudet-Berquier J. et al. (112) | 01/2012 – 04/2014 | France, National | Random sampling | General population | Mixed methods | 3204 | 247 | 7.7% |
| Billionnet C. et al. (113) | 2012 | France, National | Whole population | General population | Medical records | 796346 | 57629 | 7.24% |
| Mitanchez D. et al. (114) | 08/2010 – 03/2013 | France, Paris | Unclear | Singleton pregnancy in obese women | IADPSG | 226 | 99 | 43.8% |
| Singleton pregnancy in normal weight women | 222 | 41 | 18.4% | |||||
| Marie C. et al. (115) | 2006 | Auvergne, France | Whole population | General population | Carpenter-Coustan | 1175 | 73 | 6.2% |
| 2010 | 2840 | 156 | 5.5% | |||||
| Preaubert L. et al. (116) | 01/2010 – 12/2016 | France, Paris | Whole population | Ocyte recipient with use of closed vitrification | IADPSG | 247 | 39 | 15.8% |
| Soomro MH. et al. (117) | 03/2003 – 01/2006 | France, Poitiers and Nancy | Whole population | Women with blood-biomarkers to study heavy metals | Carpenter-Coustan | 623 | 4 | 7.1% |
| Germany | ||||||||
| Stuber TN. et al. (118) | 2006 – 2011 | Germany, Wurzburg | Whole population | General population | Medical records | 2810 | 264 | 9.4% |
| Beyerlein A. et al. (119) | 2008 – 2014 | Germany, Bavaria | Consecutive | General population | Medical records | 173718 | 6427 | 3.7% |
| Tamayo T. et al. (120) | 07/2012 – 06/2013 | Germany, North Rhine | Consecutive | General population | IADPSG | 153302 | 9229 | 6.0% |
| 07/2013 – 06/2014 | 158839 | 10817 | 6.8% | |||||
| Melchior H. et al. (121) | 01/2014 – 12/2015 | Germany, National | Whole population | General population | Medical records | 567191 | 74869 | 13.2% |
| Köninger A. et al. (122) | 2014 -2016 | Germany, Essen | Unclear | Singleton pregnancies | German Diabetes Association | 105 | 29 | 27.64 |
| Pahlitzsch TMJ. et al. (123) | 2001 – 2017 | Germany, Solingen | Whole population | Mothers of macrocosmic newborns | Medical records | 2277 | 87 | 3.8% |
| Netherlands | ||||||||
| Lamain-de-Ruiter ML (124). | 12/2010 – 01/2014 | Netherlands | Unclear | General population | Mixed method | 3723 | 181 | 4.9% |
| Koning SH. et al. (125) | 01/2011 – 09/2016 | Netherlands, Groningen | Whole population | Pregnant women with at least one risk factors for GDM | WHO 2013 | 10642 | 3364 | 31.6% |
| De Wilde MA. et al. (126) | 04/2008 – 04/2012 | Netherlands | Unclear | Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome | ADA 2004 | 188 | 43 | 23.% |
| 12/2012 – 12/2013 | Singleton pregnancies | WHO 1999 | 2889 | 129 | 4.5% | |||
| Switzerland | ||||||||
| Mosimann B. et al. (127) | 01/2014 – 12/2014 | Switzerland, Bern | Consecutive | General population | Mixed method | 328 | 51 | 15.5% |
| Amylidi S. et al. (128) | 06/2011 – 11/2012 | Switzerland, Bern | Whole population | Pregnant women with at least one risk factors for GDM | ADA 2016 | 218 | 32 | 14.7% |
| Ryser Rüetschi J. et al. (129) | 10/2010 – 04/2012 | Switzerland, Geneva and Basel | Consecutive | General population | IADSPG | 2298 | 251 | 10.9% |
| Horsch A. et al. (130) | 11/2012 * 07/2013 | Switzerland, Lausanne | Whole population | General population | Mixed method | 203 | 39 | 19.2% |
| Savopol H. et al. (131) | 01/2014 – 12/2015 | Whole population | General population | IADSPG | 502 | 159 | 31.7% |
ADA, American Diabetes Association; DM, diabetes mellitus; GDDD, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur gynakologie und Geburtshilfe; HBV, Hepatitis B virus, HIV, Human Immunodeficiency virus; IADPSG, International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; WHO, World Health Organization.