Table 4.
Baseline studies characteristics from Southern Europe.
| Author (Ref) | Duration of data collection | City | Sampling strategy | Population | Ascertainment method | Tested sample | GDM Positive | Prev. (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Croatia | ||||||||
| Djakovicí I. et al. (132) | 2011 – 2012 | Croatia, Zagreb | Consecutive | General population | HAPO study guidelines | 6407 | 593 | 9.3% |
| Djelmis J. et al. (133) | 2012 -2014 | Croatia | Unclear | Singleton pregnancies | IADSPG | 4646 | 1074 | 23.1% |
| NICE 2015 | 4646 | 826 | 17.8% | |||||
| Erjavec K. et al. (134) | 2010 | Croatia, National | Consecutive | General population | WHO 1999 | 42656 | 953 | 2.2% |
| 2014 | IADSPG | 39092 | 1829 | 4.6% | ||||
| Vince K, et al. (135) | 2011 | Croatia, National | Consecutive | General population | IADSPG | 40641 | 1181 | 2.9% |
| Cyprus | ||||||||
| Inancli SS et al. (136) | 11/2013 – 04/2014 | Cyprus, National | Consecutive | Turkish Cypriot | National Diabetes Data Group | 230 | 45 | 19.6% |
| Greece | ||||||||
| Vassilaki M. et al. (137) | 02/2007 – 02/2008 | Greece, Crete | Convenience | General population | Carpenter-Coustan | 1122 | 102 | 9.1% |
| Italy | ||||||||
| Trotta F. et al. (138) | 10/2009 – 09/2010 | Italy, Lombardy | Whole population | General population | Medical records | 86171 | 1921 | 2.3% |
| Pintaudi B. et al. (139) | 05/2010 – 10/2011 | Italy, Messina | Consecutive | Caucasian women | IADSPG | 1015 | 113 | 11.1% |
| Caserta D. et al. (140) | 01/2007 – 06/2011 | Italy, Rome | Whole population | Twin pregnancies | Medical records | 207 | 6 | 2.9% |
| Twin pregnancies with assisted conception | 138 | 14 | 10.1% | |||||
| Lacaria E. et al. (141) | 01/2012 – 13/2013 | Italy, Pisa and Livorno | Consecutive | Caucasian women | IADSPG | 2497 | 279 | 11.1% |
| D’Anna R. et al. (142) | 01/2011 – 04/2014 | Italy, Messina and Modina | Random sampling | Obese women | IADSPG | 241 | 51 | 23.8% |
| Pinzauti S. et al. (143) | 01/2010 – 12/2014 | Italy, Florence, and Siena | Whole population | Twin pregnancies with assisted conception | Mixed method | 430 | 30 | 6.9% |
| Capula C. et al. (144) | 08/2011 – 01/2015 | Italy, Catanzaro | Convenience | Healthy pre-pregnancy women | IADSPG | 3974 | 1066 | 26.8% |
| Santamaria A. et al. (145) | 01/2012 – 12/2014 | Italy, Messina and Modena | Convenience | Overweight Caucasian | ADA 2011 | 102 | 28 | 27.5% |
| Overweight Caucasian receiving Myo-inositol | 95 | 11 | 11.6% | |||||
| Bianchi C. et al. (146) | 01/2010 – 03/2015 | Italy, Pisa | Unclear | General population | Medical records | 1198 | 476 | 39.7% |
| Di Cianni G. et al. (147) | 01/2015 – 12/2015 | Italy, Tuscany | Whole population | General population | Medical records | 17606 | 2000 | 11.4% |
| Bordi et al. (148) | 01/2001 – 06/2015 | Italy, Rome | Whole population | Twin pregnancies with assisted conception | Medical records | 450 | 38 | 8.4% |
| Twin pregnancies | 647 | 18 | 2.8% | |||||
| Chiefari E. et al. (149) | 08/2011 – 12/2016 | Italy, Cantazaro | Unclear | General population | Italian Minister Guidelines | 5473 | 1559 | 28.5% |
| Cozzolino M, et al. (150) | 01/2010 – 01/2016 | Italy, Florence | Whole population | Multiple pregnancies | IADSPG | 656 | 99 | 15.1% |
| Bruno R. et al. (151) | 02/2013 – 06/2014 | Italy, Modena | Unclear | Singleton pregnancies of overweight/obese women with prescribed personalized dietary intervention | IADSPG | 62 | 23 | 37.1% |
| Singleton pregnancies of obese women | 69 | 13 | 18.8% | |||||
| Bianchi C. et al. (152) | 01/2013 – 12/2015 | Italy, Pisa | Whole population | General population | Italian National Guidelines | 1338 | 534 | 39.95 |
| Meregaglia M. et al. (153) | 01/2014 – 12/2014 | Italy, National | Whole population | General population | Medical records | 44402 | 11540 | 10.9% |
| Quaresima P. et al. (154) | 01/2015 – 12/2016 | Italy, Catanzaro | Consecutive | General population | IADSPG | 1413 | 451 | 31.8% |
| Gerli S. et al. (155) | 01/2011 – 12/2013 | Italy, National | Whole population | Women in Robson class 1 according to the Ten Group Classification System | IADSPG | 7693 | 132 | 1.7% |
| Women in Robson class 3 according to the Ten Group Classification System | 4919 | 95 | 1.9% | |||||
| Masturzo B. et al. (156) | 01/2011 – 12/2015 | Italy, Turin | Whole population | Singleton pregnancies | Medical records | 27807 | 2308 | 8.3% |
| Visconti F. et al. (157) | 08/2011 – 12/2016 | Italy, Calabria | Consecutive | Singleton pregnancies | IADSPG | 2424 | 596 | 24.7% |
| Marozio L. et al. (158) | 2009 - 2015 | Italy, Turin | Whole population | Pregnant women < 40 years old | ADA 2014 | 52413 | 1430 | 2.7% |
| Pregnant women between 40-44 years old | 3541 | 203 | 5.7% | |||||
| Pregnant women > 45 years old | 257 | 21 | 8.2% | |||||
| Malta | ||||||||
| Xuereb S. et al. (159) | 01/2009 – 12/2009 | Malta, National | Consecutive | General population | WHO 2006 | 203 | 43 | 21.2% |
| Slovenia | ||||||||
| Kek T. et al. (160) | 05/2013 – 09/2015 | Slovenia, Ljubljana | Unclear | General population | Self-reported | 450 | 43 | 10.0% |
| Spain | ||||||||
| Goni L. et al. (161) | 11/2009 – 03/2010 | Spain, Navarra | Convenience | General population | Medical records | 5987 | 397 | 7.8% |
| Ruiz-Gracia T. et al. (162) | 04/2011 – 03/2012 | Spain, Madrid | Consecutive | General population | Carpenter-Coustan | 1750 | 185 | 10.5% |
| Berglund SK. et al. (163) | 2008 - 2012 | Spain, Granada | Convenience | Overweight and Obese women | Spanish Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics | 333 | 46 | 13.8% |
| Benaiges D. et al. (164) | 04/2013 – 09/2015 | Spain, Barcelona | Consecutive | Singleton pregnancies | National Diabetes Data Group | 1158 | 152 | 13.1% |
| Assaf-Balut C. et al. (165) | 01/2015 – 12/2015 | Spain, Madrid | Consecutive | Single pregnancy following standard Med-Diet supplemented with EVOO and pistachios | IADSPG | 434 | 74 | 17.1% |
| Single pregnancy following standard Med-Diet | 440 | 74 | 23.4% | |||||
| Gortazar L. et al. (166) | 2006 – 2015 | Spain, Catalonia | Whole population | Singleton pregnancies | Medical records | 739877 | 35729 | 4.8% |
| Mane L. et al. (167) | 2010 - 2013 | Spain, Barcelona | Whole population | General population | Self-reported | 5633 | 572 | 10% |
ADA, American Diabetes Association; EVOO, extra virgin olive oil; HAPO, Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes; IADPSG, International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups; WHO, World Health Organization.