Skip to main content
. 2021 Dec 7;10(12):1502. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10121502

Table 2.

Potent plant-derived EPIs reported over the past decade.

EPI Compound 1 Chemical Class Structure Efflux Pump(s) Antimicrobials 2,3 Reference
15-copaenol terpene graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i001.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [184]
α-bisabolol terpene graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i002.jpg NorA, TetK Norfloxacin, tetracycline [269]
α-terpinene terpene graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i003.jpg TetK EtBr, tetracycline [270]
benzophenanthridine alkaloid graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i004.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [271]
boeravinone B flavonoid graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i005.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [190]
chalcone flavonoid graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i006.jpg MepA, NorA EtBr, norfloxacin [272]
baicalein flavonoid graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i007.jpg MsrA, NorA erythromycin, ciprofloxacin [273]
caffeic acid polyphenol graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i008.jpg MsrA, NorA EtBr, erythromycin, norfloxacin [274]
caffeoylquinic acids polyphenol graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i009.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin [275]
capsaicin alkaloid graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i010.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [276]
coumarin polyphenol graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i011.jpg NorA EtBr, norfloxacin [277]
curcumin polyphenol graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i012.jpg NorA ciprofloxacin [278]
dimethyl octanol terpene graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i013.jpg NorA EtBr, norfloxacin [279]
genistein flavonoid graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i014.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [280]
indirubin alkaloid graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i015.jpg NorA ciprofloxacin [281]
kaempferol rhamnoside flavonoid graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i016.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [282]
limonene terpene graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i017.jpg MepA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [283]
nerol terpene graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i018.jpg NorA EtBr, norfloxacin [279]
olympicin A flavonoid graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i019.jpg NorA enoxacin [284]
osthol polyphenol graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i020.jpg NorA ciprofloxacin [278]
phyllanthin polyphenol graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i021.jpg NorA EtBr, norfloxacin [285]
piperine alkaloid graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i022.jpg MdeA, NorA EtBr, mupirocin, ciprofloxacin [286,287]
tannic acid polyphenol graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i023.jpg NorA EtBr, norfloxacin [288]

1 Listed EPIs potentiated the activity of antimicrobials against S. aureus strains overexpressing efflux pumps. 2 Antimicrobial compounds that are known pump substrates and were included in susceptibility and/or checkerboard assays. 3 EtBr: ethidium bromide.