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. 2021 Dec 7;10(12):1502. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10121502

Table 3.

New synthetic EPI compounds reported to have synergism with various antimicrobials in staphylococci.

EPI Compound Structure 1 Efflux Pump(s) Antimicrobials 2 Reference
3-(1-chloro-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl) acrylic acid graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i024.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [289]
aglycone and 3-O-glycoside forms of flavonoids graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i025.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [290]
aminophenyl chalcone graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i026.jpg MepA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [291]
3-aryl-4-methyl-2-quinolones graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i027.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [292]
benzothiazine 5,5-dioxide derivatives graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i028.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [293]
bis-indolic derivatives graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i029.jpg NorA ciprofloxacin [294]
boronic acid derivatives graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i030.jpg NorA ciprofloxacin [266]
chalcone derivatives graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i031.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [295]
cinnamamide derivatives graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i032.jpg NorA ciprofloxacin [296]
dithiazole thione derivative graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i033.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [297]
1-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine derivatives graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i034.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [298]
4-ethylpiperic acid amide derivatives graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i035.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [299]
eugenol derivatives graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i036.jpg NorA EtBr, norfloxacin [300]
hydroxyamines derived from lapachol and norlachol graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i037.jpg MrsA, TetK EtBr, erythromycin, tetracycline [301]
indole-based compounds graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i038.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [181]
murucoidins graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i039.jpg NorA norfloxacin [302]
1,8-naphthyridine sulfonamides graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i040.jpg NorA EtBr, norfloxacin [303]
1,3,4-oxadiazole conjugates of capsaicin graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i041.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [304]
2-phenyl-4-hydroxyquinoline derivatives graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i042.jpg NorA EtBr, norfloxacin [305]
2-phenylquinoline core graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i043.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [243]
piperic acid amide derivatives graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i044.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [299]
3-(substituted 3,4-dihydronaphthyl)-propenoic acid amides graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i045.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin [306]
riparin-derived compounds graphic file with name antibiotics-10-01502-i046.jpg NorA EtBr, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin [188]

1 The general structures of EPI scaffolds used for development of a series of different synthesised derivatives are presented. For details of various functional groups and linkers to a given scaffold, interested readers are referred to the original references. 2 EtBr: ethidium bromide.