SAA1, IP-10, and IL-6 serum levels increased after MTB infection. SAA1, IP-10 and IL-6 levels were measured by UCP-LFA in serum from high-dose (500 CFU, n = 24, red dots; left panels) or low-dose (15 CFU, n = 12, green triangles; right panels) MTB Erdman infected rhesus macaques (n = 36) at different timepoints (x-axis) pre and postinfection. Cutoff values for positivity (blue dashed lines) were calculated by applying the Youden’s index as described in Table 1b. (a–c) The levels of SAA1, IP-10, and IL-6 increase after MTB infection. Differences between high and low doses at 3/4, 6, and 12 weeks postinfection were determined by Mann–Whitney U tests indicated in the right panel. p-values: * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001.