Figure 2.

Visual summary of the validation studies testing morphological analysis across realistic photographic and CCTV conditions [21,48,49] using sample photographs and CCTV stills from the Wits Face Database [41]. Images (A) to (F) are samples of the target images from each set of conditions analyzed that were compared to the central image arising from the standardized photographs captured for each participant. All major statistical results and the details of the conditions of each comparison cohort are presented. Representative images of each condition are arranged from A to F in a clockwise order according to descending chance-corrected accuracy. The conditions of analysis were as follows: wildtype informal photographs (A) of similar quality to the standardized photographs; eye level digital CCTV still images (B); standard digital CCTV still images (D) with sunglasses (C) and with brimmed caps (E); and monochrome analogue CCTV still images (F). Key: CCA = chance corrected accuracy; FPR = false positive rate; FNR = false negative rate; OA = observer agreement; RES = resolution; SCD = subject-to-camera distance; AOI = angle of incidence; N = number of comparisons. The facial images used for Figure 2 are images of the corresponding author of the present manuscript and are part of the sample images of the Wits Face Database [41], reproducible under an open access license distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The images can be found in the Wits Face Database data note, including the supplementary material for the Wits Face Database [41].