Table 2.

Other features of novel fluoroquinolones.

Novel Fluoroquinolones	Delafloxacin	Finafloxacin	Zabofloxacin	Reference
Further possible clinical applications	P. aeruginosa-mediated lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. Infection by multidrug-resistant H.pylori.	Complicated and non-complicated urinary-tract infections. Zoonoses, e.g., Y.pestis and B.anthracis. Prophylaxis and treatment of B. pseudomallei infections.	Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia.	[18,42,46,50]
Contraindication and side effects	Well-tolerated; lack of teratogenic effect, photosensitivity and cardiotoxicity. Diarrhoea, vomiting and other fluoroquinolone-specific adverse affects may occur.	Ophthalmic use is contraindicated. In animal studies, showed teratogenic ability and fluoroquinolone-specific adverse effects (per os). Hypersensitivity and pruritus.	Well-tolerated; lack of long QT-syndrome; in animal studies, subacute toxicity (atrophy of endocrine organs with vomitus by dogs) was found. Mainly gastrointestinal adverse effects were reported.	[16,18,24,30,34,35,36,37,51]
Resistance mechanisms	Multiple mutations by bacterial topoisomerase IV enzymes. Single mutations with efflux pumps. Generally fluoroquinolone-resistant strains are susceptible to to Delafloxacin (cross-resistance is also known).	Multiple mutations in bacterial topoisomerase IV enzymes. Cross-resistance with other fluoroquinolones was reported.	Multiple mutations in bacterial Topoisomerase IV enzymes. Generally fluoroquinolone-resistant strains are susceptible to Zabofloxacin.	[18,26,28,30,39,47,48,51]