| EWGSOP | European Working Group on Sarcopenia for Older People |
| IWGA | International Working Group on Sarcopenia |
| AWGS | Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia |
| FINH | Foundation for the National Institutes of Health |
| BIA | Bioimpedance analysis |
| SARC-F | Strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls |
| HRQoL | Health-related quality of life |
| SarQoL | Sarcopenia and Quality of Life |
| COPD | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| PUD | Peptic ulcer disease |
| KNHANES | Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| SNPs | Single nucleotide polymorphisms |
| GWAS | Genome-wide association scan |
| TRHR | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor |
| LBM | Lean body mass |
| ACE | Angiotensin I-converting enzyme I |
| MSTN | Myostatin |
| ACTN3 | Alpha actinin 3 |
| CNTF | Ciliary neurotrophic factor |
| VDR | Vitamin D receptor |
| IGF1 | Insulin-like growth factor 1 |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| CAV1 | Caveolin-1 |
| FTO | Fat mass and obesity-associated |
| LMI | Lean mass index |
| NUDT3 | Nudix hydrolase 3 |
| KLF5 | Kruppel-like Factor 5 |
| HLA-DQB1-AS1 | HLA-DQB1 antisense RNA 1 |
| MTHFR | Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase |
| ACTN3 | Alpha-actinin-3 |
| NRF2 | Nuclear respiratory factor 2 |
| HLA-DRB1 | HLA class II histocompatibility antigen-DRB1 beta chain |
| GDF5 | Growth differentiation factor 5 |
| DYM | Dymeclin |
| DLEU1 | Deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 1 |
| SLC39A8 | Solute carrier family 39 member 8 |
| RN7SKP297 | RN7SK pseudogene 297 |
| C12orf60 | Chromosome 12 open reading frame 60 |
| RBBP6 | Retinoblastoma-binding protein 6 |
| ALDH1A2 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2 |
| TGF α | Transforming growth factor alpha |
| ZBTB38 | Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 38 |
| BRSK1 | BR serine/threonine kinase 1 |
| AOC1 | Amine oxidase copper-containing 1 |
| ZNF678 | Zinc finger protein 678 |
| GEO | Gene Expression Omnibus |
| P3NP | Procollagen type III N-terminal peptide |
| HtrA1 | High temperature requirement serine protease A1 |
| PF&S | Physical frailty and sarcopenia |
| MNA | Mini Nutritional Assessment |
| PS | Possible sarcopenia |
| MM | Muscle mechanography |
| RCAC | Residential care apartment complex |
| CAF | C-terminal agrin fragments |
| NMJs | Neuromuscular junction |
| SPPB | Short Physical Performance Battery |
| DHEA | Dehydroepiandrosterone |
| TGF | Transforming growth factors |
| FST | Follistatin |
| GDF-15 | Growth differentiation factor 15 |
| BMPs | Bone morphogenic proteins |
| IR | Irisin |
| BDNF | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor |
| FABP3 | Fatty acid-binding protein 3 |
| P3NP | N-terminal peptide |
| 3MH | 3-methylhistidine |
| C1q | Complement component 1q |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| TNF | Tumor necrosis factor |
| IL | Interleukin |
| HSP72 | Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1 |
| MIP-1β | Macrophage inflammatory protein 1β |
| MIF | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor |
| b-CHE | Butyryl-cholinesterase |
| oxLDL | Oxidized low-density lipoprotein |