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Protective mechanisms of IL-22 on NAFLD. Once interacting with its heterodimeric receptor complex IL-22R1 and IL-10R2, IL-22 induces activation of Jak1-Tyk2 kinases and STAT3 phosphorylation. IL-22 then provokes multiple downstream gene expression, including antiapoptotic, antioxidant and mitogenic genes. IL-22 also modulates lipid metabolism by enhancing lipolysis while relieving lipogenesis in STAT3-dependent fashions.
