| ACLF | acute-on-chronic liver failure |
| ACLY | ATP citrate lyase |
| ACOX1 | acyl-CoA oxidase 1 |
| AMPK | adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase |
| CCL20 | C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 |
| CDK4 | cyclin dependent kinase 4 |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| CXCL1 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 |
| CYP1A1 | cytochrome P450 1A1 |
| DILI | drug-induced liver injury |
| DIO | diet-induced obesity |
| EAM | experimental autoimmune myocarditis |
| ERK | extracellular-signal regulated kinase |
| ELOVL6 | elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids protein 6 |
| FAS | fatty acid synthase |
| FGF-β | fibroblast growth factor-β |
| GvHD | acute graft-versus-host disease |
| G-CSF | granulocyte colony-stimulating factor |
| HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| HFD | high-fat diet |
| HSCs | hepatic stellate cells |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
| IL-22 | Interleukin-22 |
| IL-22BP | IL-22 binding protein |
| ILCs | innate lymphoid cells |
| JAK1 | Janus kinase 1 |
| JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
| MAPK | mitogen activated protein kinase |
| MCD | methionine-choline deficient diet |
| Mcl-1 | myeloid cell leukemia-1 |
| MCP-1 | monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 |
| MT-1 | metallothionein 1 |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| NAFLD | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |
| NASH | nonalcoholic steatohepatitis |
| Neil-1 | endonuclease-VIII-like-1 |
| OGG-1 | 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase |
| PCNA | proliferating-cell nuclear antigen |
| PDGF-AA | platelet-derived growth factor-AA |
| PEPCK | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase |
| PI3K | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases |
| PNPLA2 | patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 |
| PPAR-γ | peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ |
| PTEN | phosphatase and tensin homolog |
| Reg3β | regenerating islet-derived protein 3β |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SAA | serum amyloid A |
| SFB | segmented filamentous bacteria |
| SREBP-1c | sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c |
| STAT3 | signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
| TGF-β | transforming growth factor-β |
| TLR7 | Toll-like receptor 7 |
| TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor-α |
| Tyk2 | tyrosine kinase 2 |