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. 2021 Nov 30;9(12):1798. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9121798

Table 2.

Anti-PD-1 in combination with receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials for adult and paediatric cancers.

Inhibitor Pre-Clinical Studies Clinical Trials
Apatinib Potentiates anti-PD-1 in mouse model of lung cancer [53]

  1. Biliary tract, cholangiocarcinoma (NCT04834674, NCT04720131)

  2. Cervical cancer (NCT03816553, NCT04974944)

  3. CRC (NCT03912857)

  4. Gastric Cancer (NCT03954756, NCT03878472, NCT04006821, NCT04267549, NCT04948125)

  5. HCC (NCT03839550, NCT03793725, NCT04014101, NCT03722875, NCT04826406, NCT04985136)

  6. Liver cancer (NCT03092895)

  7. Melanoma (NCT03955354)

  8. NSCLC (NCT03777124)

  9. Oesophageal cancer (NCT03736863, NCT03603756)

  10. Ovarian cancer (NCT04068974, NCT04507750)

  11. SCLC (NCT03417895)

  12. Sarcomas (NCT04239443)

  13. Sarcoma, including paediatric/AYA (NCT03711279, NCT04126993, NCT03359018, NCT04074564, NCT04447274)

  14. Solid tumours (NCT03491631)

  15. TNBC (NCT03945604, NCT03394287)
Anlotinib Potentiates anti-PD-1 in mouse model of lung cancer [54]

  1. HCC (NCT04052152)

  2. NSCLC (NCT03765775, NCT04507906, NCT04670107)

  3. SCLC (NCT04055792)

  4. Soft tissue sarcomas, including AYA (NCT03946943)

  5. Soft tissue sarcoma (NCT04172805)

Axitinib Potentiates anti-PD-1 in a mouse model of colon cancer and lung cancer [55]

  1. Melanoma (NCT04493203)

  2. RCC (NCT03595124, NCT02853331, NCT03172754

  3. Soft tissue sarcomas, including AYA (NCT02636725)

Cabozantinib Potentiates anti-PD-1 in a mouse model of prostate cancer [48]

  1. Endometrial cancer (NCT03367741)

  2. Genitourinary tumours (NCT03866382, NCT02496208)

  3. HCC (NCT01658878, NCT03299946)

  4. RCC (NCT03729245, NCT03793166, NCT03937219, NCT03635892, NCT03141177)

  5. Thyroid cancer (NCT03914300)

  6. TNBC (NCT03316586)

  7. Soft tissue sarcoma (NCT04551430, NCT04339738, NCT04149275)

  8. Solid tumours (NCT04514484)
Lenvatinib Potentiates anti-PD-1 in mouse models of liver cancer [51] thyroid cancer [56] and colon cancer [57]

  1. Endometrial cancers (NCT03517449)

  2. Gastroesophageal cancer (NCT03321630)

  3. Liver cancers (NCT03895970, NCT03779100, NCT03951597, NCT04042805, NCT03713593, NCT04997850)

  4. Melanoma (NCT03820986)

  5. NSCLC (NCT03976375, NCT03829332, NCT03829319, NCT03516981)

  6. Advanced sarcoma (NCT04784247)

  7. Solid tumours (NCT03797326)

  8. TNBC (NCT04427293)

  9. Urothelial cancers (NCT03898180)
Regorafenib Potentiates anti-PD-1 in mouse models of colon cancer [58]

  1. CRC (NCT03657641)

  2. Gastroeosophageal cancer (NCT04879368)

  3. HCC (NCT03347292, NCT04183088, NCT04170556, NCT04310709, NCT04696055)

  4. Osteosarcoma, including paediatric (NCT04803877)

Sunitinib Potentiates anti-PD-1 in mouse model of kidney cancer [59]

  1. Sarcomas, including paediatric (NCT03277924)

  2. RCC (NCT03729245, NCT02960906, NCT03075423)

In bold: trial focussed on sarcoma patients; bold-underlined: trial including paediatric and/or AYA sarcoma patients. CRC: colorectal cancer; GIST: gastro-intestinal stromal tumours; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer; PD-1, programmed death-1; RCC: renal cell carcinoma; SCLC: small cell lung cancer; TNBC: triple-negative breast cancer.