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. 2021 Nov 26;9(12):1781. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9121781

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic illustration of SARS-CoV-2 attachment and two possible examples of ways to inhibit this process. (A) Virus can attach to ACE2 receptor or integrins of the host cell. RGD-integrin interaction occurs in calcium-dependent manner [274]. As the result of the process, the virus penetrates into the cell and starts to copy itself. (B) Several compounds bind to the spike protein or even may alter it [275] and prevent virus-receptor attachment. (C) Lowering divalent ion concentrations in the lungs with pulmonary EDTA chelation therapy may inhibit virus-host interaction [274].