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. 2021 Dec 17;10(12):1546. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10121546

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Results of the antibacterial, antibiofilm and anti-adhesion activity of the L. rhamnosus crude biosurfactant and standard SDS. (A) Antibacterial activity of the L. rhamnosus crude biosurfactant (100 mg/mL) and standard SDS surfactant (1% v/v) against different bacterial pathogens. (B) Effect of the L. rhamnosus crude biosurfactant and standard SDS surfactant on established biofilms of different bacterial pathogens at their respective MICs. (C) Effect of the L. rhamnosus crude biosurfactant and standard SDS surfactant on the adherence ability of different bacterial pathogens at their respective MICs. Values are the mean ± SD of three independent experiments.