Table 1.

Anti-photoaging properties of flavones reported in in vitro and in vivo models.

Flavones	Model/UV Radiation	Activities	Ref.
Luteolin, chrysin, and apigenin	HDFs/UVA	All flavonoids inhibit the MMP-1 mRNA levels; presents antioxidant activity	[50]
Luteolin		Decreases the MMP-1 expression, the IL-6 secretion, and the hyaluronidase activity	[51]
	HaCaT cells/SSR	Suppresses the IL-20 production; the HaCaT supernatants pretreated and added to fibroblasts decrease MMP-1 and IL-6 expression
	Skin explants/SSR	Decreases MMP-1 and IL-6 expression
	HaCaT cells/UVB	Inhibits CPDs and ROS production; suppresses the p38 MAPK and ERK activation; decreases COX-2 expression and the PGE2 synthesis	[53]
		Suppresses MMP-1 expression, AP-1 and c-Fos activation, c-Jun phosphorylation, p90RSK and JNK1 activity, and MMP-1 expression	[54]
Luteolin and apigenin	HaCaT cells/UVA	Both suppress ROS generation and MMP-1 production; inhibit c-Jun and c-Fos expression and the MAP kinases phosphorylation; reduce the influx of Ca2+ and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinases phosphorylation	[55]
Chrysin	HDFs/UVB	Increases collagen I secretion and the GSH level; decreases the MDA and MMP-1 level	[38]
	HaCaT cells/UVA and UVB	Decreases ROS generation, COX-2 expression, and apoptosis; increases AQP-3 expression; suppresses p38 and JNK activation	[58]
Baicalein	HDFs/UVB	Inhibits the 12-lipoxygenase and through the TRPV1-Ca-ERK pathway suppresses the MMP-1 expression	[59]
Baicalin		Reduces the p16INK−4a, p21WAF−1, p53, and γ-H2AX proteins level	[60]
	C57BL/6 mice/UVB	Decreases skin thickening; reduces MMP-3 and MMP-1 expression; increases collagen III and I production
	HDFs/UVA	Increases the telomere length, the TGF-β1 secretion, the GPx and SOD levels, and the c-myc mRNA expression and protein level; decreases MDA levels, p16, p53, p66, TIMP-1, MMP-1 mRNA expression, and the p16 and p53 proteins level	[61]
	HaCaT cells/UVB	Suppresses the CPDs and apoptosis; reduces the c-fos and p53/p21 mRNA expression, the p53, the RPA, and PCNA proteins level, and TNF-α and IL-6 secretion	[62]
	BALB/c mice/UVB	Reduces skin hyperplasia and edema, hydrogen peroxide generation, and photolesions formation	[64]
	C3H/HeN mice/UVA	Decreases the CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells, the TLR4 expression level, TRAF6, IRAK4, and MyD88 protein expression, TIRAP and MyD88 mRNA expression, MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression levels, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-10, and iNOS	[65]