Table 8.

Main anti-psoriatic effects of flavanones, flavan-3-ols, and isoflavones in different study models.

Flavonoids	Model/Psoriasis Inducer	Activities	Ref.
Naringenin	hPBMCs	Suppress LPS-induced serum TNF-α levels	[128]
	BALB/c mice/imiquimod	Reduces psoriatic symptoms, PASI, histological damage, and TEWL; inhibits neutrophil migration and IL-6	[8]
Hesperidin	HaCaT cells	Inhibits LPS-induced cell proliferation; down-regulates expression of p-ERK1/2	[129]
	BALB/c mice/imiquimod	Reduces psoriatic symptoms, PASI, histological damage, expression of involucrin, IL-22, IL-23, IL-17, TNF-α, and IL-1β; decreases p-ERK1/2 level
EGCG and EGCG nanoparticles	NHEKs	Induces differentiation; increases involucrin, TGase-1, KRT10, and caspase-14; inhibits CXCL2, TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, and IL-1β	[130]
	BALB/c mice/imiquimod	Reduces psoriatic symptoms and loricrin expression; decreases Ki67 expression, infiltration CD4+ T lymphocytes, and tissue vascularization; restores JunB and KRT10 expression; inhibits expression of IL-1β and TNF-α
EGCG		Reduces psoriatic symptoms, PASI, histological damage, lipoperoxidation; decreases CD4+ T cells infiltration, IL- 23, IL-22, IL-17F, and IL-17A levels; increases CAT and SOD bioactivities	[131]
Genistein	HaCaT cells	Decreases MCP-1, VEGFA, TNF-α, IL-23, IL-8, and IL-1β; inhibits IκBα phosphorylation; decreases NF-κB level	[132]
	BALB/c mice/imiquimod	Reduces histological damage, CD45 inflammatory cell infiltration, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CCL2, IL-23, and IL-17; suppresses STAT3 phosphorylation