Fig. 5. The experimental images of the (a) HeLa and (b) MDA MB 231 cells cultured on surfaces of different roughness at 24 h, (c) the variation of the spread length of the cells (cell growth), and the number of cells (cell proliferation) with roughness ratio. Surface energy is kept fixed at Es = 70 mJ m−2, (d) schematic illustration of cells resting on surfaces of different roughness ratios.
