Table 5.

Immobilization of lysozyme.

Support	Tested Microorganisms	Reagent or Immobilization Technique	Applications/Claimed Uses	Refs.
Vitreous surface	E. coli		Water decontamination	[259]
Wool fabric	S. aureus	Glutaraldehyde	Antibacterial functionalization for textile goods	[260]
Wool fabric	E. coli	Tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine	Antibacterial functionalization for textile goods	[261]
Cotton fabric	M. lysodeikticus	Glycine esterified	Medical hygiene	[262]
Silk textiles	S. aureus E. coli	Physically adsorbed	Functional wound dressing	[263]
Polyacrylonitrile membranes	S. aureus	Glutaraldehyde	Water treatment and food manufacturing	[264]
Polyacrylonitrile membrane hydrolyzed	E. coli S. aureus	Layer-by-layer self-assembly	Antibacterial thin film composite membranes for aqueous molecular separation	[265]
Polystyrene/poly (styrene-10-maleic anhydride)	S. aureus	CLEA	Antimicrobial process in biomedical and engineering industries	[266]
Polyethylene glycol	L. ivanovii M. luteus	Reductive amination on pretreated stainless steel surface	Antifouling agents	[125]
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)	S. epidermidis	Incorporations in films	Regeneration of tissues	[267]
Cellulose acetate	S. aureus	Electrostatic adsorption, electrospraying	Food packaging and antimicrobial wound dressing	[268]
Gelatin/sodium carboxymethylcellulose	S. aureus P. aeruginosa E. coli	Inclusion in a polymeric matrix	Mucoadhesive form of lysozyme	[269]
Alginate, iron cations	M. luteus	Entrapment	Food packaging materials	[270]
Chitosan	S. aureus B. subtilis S. flexneri P. aeruginosa	CLEA	Repeated uses as antimicrobial material	[271]
Chitosan/alginate	E. coli S. aureus	Hydrogel	Food industry	[272]
Calcium phosphate on chitosan	M. lysodeikticus	Incorporation	Bone tissue engineering	[273]
Xanthan	M. luteus	Hydrogel	Wound dressing	[274]
Agarose, free amino acids	Gram-positive Gram-negative	Reductive amination	Blood plasma and whole blood purification by extracorporeal therapy procedures	[275]
Agarose, sericin	E. coli S. aureus	Gel	Wound dressing	[276]
Polysaccharides particles or liposome	B. subtilis M. luteus E. coli S. marcescens	Encapsulation with herbal extracts	Food preservation and wound healing	[277]
Exopolysaccharides	E. coli	Incorporation into films	Biodegradable coatings for fruits and vegetables	[278]
Graphene oxide	E. coli	Electrostatic interactions	Antibacterial membranes	[279]
Graphene oxide, polydopamine	E. coli	Electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions	Medical treatments and food safety fields	[280]
Capsid	M. luteus	Encapsulation	Nanoreactor at physiological conditions	[281]
Balsa	E. coli S. aureus	Encapsulation	Wound healing	[282,283]
Calcium carbonate	M. lysodeikticus	Encapsulation	Catalysis, disease treatment, and tissue engineering	[284]
Layered double hydroxide	E. coli S. aureus	Van der Waals forces	Wound healing	[285]
Silica	E. coli S. aureus	Entrapment	Coating containers used to store chirurgical devices, catheters, implants, artificial prosthetics, and other materials to reduce hospital infections	[286]
Laser sintered titanium	S. gordonii S. sanguis	Layer-by-layer self-assembly	Biofilm inhibition	[132]
Niclosamide	MRSA MERS-COV SARS-CoV-2	Embedded in h-Lys for inhalation route	Delivery to the upper and lower respiratory tracts	[287]
Lactic acid	B. cereus E. coli S. typhimurium	Gelled egg white powder	Food industry	[288]
Microbubbles, immobilized gold NPs	M. lysodeikticus	Pressurized gyration	Biosensor for the detection of analytes in aqueous solutions	[289]
Microbubbles, immobilized gold NPs, and polyvinyl alcohol	E. coli	Pressurized gyration	Diagnostic tools and environmental bioassays	[290]