Table 1.
miRNA expression changes in patients undergoing coronary artery grafting surgery, acute coronary syndrome patients and patients with coronary artery disease compared to control group.
| miRNA | Patient Group | Control Group | Outcome | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mir-1 | 17 AMI patients | 25 healthy adults | miR-1 expression increased in AMI patients and correlated with cTnI. | [85] |
| 80 STEMI patients: 22 with adverse LV remodeling, 58 without adverse LV remodeling | n/a | miR-1 predicts LV remodeling in patients with STEMI alone and shows incremental prediction value compared to clinical and magnetic resonance imaging. | [86] | |
| 44 AMI patients | 18 healthy adults | miR-1 increased in AMI patients and was inversely correlated with infarct volume (CMR marker of adverse ventricular remodeling). | [87] | |
| 29 CABG patients with ACS | n/a | miR-1 increased after CABG surgery, did not correlate with cTnT. | [88] | |
| 21 CABG patients | n/a | Plasma and exosome miR-1 increased after a CABG procedure. Exosomal but no plasma-circulating miR-1 positively correlated with cTnI. | [89] | |
| miR-126 | 140 CAD patients | 40 patients without CAD | The miR-126 level was lower in patients with multivessel CAD and higher SYNTAX score but not dramatically downregulated in patients with one vessel CAD and low SYNTAX score compared with the control. | [90] |
| 67 CABG patients | n/a | miR-126-3p level in serum increased rapidly after CABG and then decreased below preoperative levels. Seven days after CABG surgery, miR-126-3p level was higher in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), compared with patients without PAD. | [91] | |
| 70 off-pump CABG patients | n/a | miR-126 was downregulated 4 days after CABG surgery and correlated strongly with the level of uric acid. | [92] | |
| miR-133 | 50 patients with MI | 8 healthy adults and 9 fetuses | miR-133a was downregulated in patients with MI compared to control. | [93] |
| 30 on-pump CABG patients | n/a | miR-133b level increased after declamping in CABG patients. Moreover, miR-133a was found to reflect the extent of myocardial injury. miR-133 was 89.3% sensitive and 67.4% specific for the identification of PMI compared to cTnI, which had a sensitivity of 64.3% and specificity of 86.5% for a cutoff value of 2.98. | [46] | |
| 27 ACS patients undergoing CABG surgery | n/a | After CABG surgery, miR-133a level increased significantly and was associated with cTnT. | [88] | |
| 21 CABG patients | n/a | Plasma and exosomal miR-133a and miR-133b increased after CABG surgery. Exosomal but not plasma-circulating miR-133a and mir-133b correlated positively with cTnI. | [89] | |
| miR-199 | 181 patients with stable CAD | n/a | Increased expression of microvesicles containing miR-199a but not freely circulating miR-199a was significantly associated with a lower major adverse cardiovascular event rate. | [94] |
| 68 CABG surgery patients | 34 patients undergoing heart valve surgery | The level of miR-199a in CABG patients was significantly reduced compared to the control group. Patients with a major adverse cardiac event had a significantly lower level of miR-199a than uneventful patients. | [95] | |
| miR-208 | 62 MI patients | 18 cases of traumatic death without cardiac pathology | miR-208 was highly expressed in AMI patients. | [96] |
| 19 cases of death due to AMI 25 cases of sudden cardiac death | n/a | miR-208 presented high accuracy in discriminating patients who died suddenly due to AMI from those who succumbed without pathological cardiac involvement. | [97] | |
| 424 patients with suspected ASC | n/a | miR-208 was higher in MI patients and correlated with LVEF. The increased miR-208 level was strongly associated with an increased risk of mortality or heart failure within 30 days. | [98] | |
| 195 CAD patients | n/a | High plasma levels of miR-208 were positively associated with the severity of CAD and plasma miR-208b could act as a potential biomarker for estimating the severity of CAD. | [99] | |
| 27 ACS patients undergoing CABG surgery | n/a | miR-208 significantly increased after CABG surgery and was found to be associated with cTnT, CK-MB and IL-6. | [88] | |
| miR-499 | 92 NSTEMI patients, 81 patients with CHF without AMI | 99 healthy patients | The diagnostic accuracy of miR-499 was superior to that of cardiac TnT in elderly, NSTEMI patients. | [100] |
| 41 AMI patients, 32 SAP patients | 10 healthy patients | Serum miR-499 expression level at different time points was significantly higher in the AMI group than in the SAP group and control group. miR-499 was not superior to hs-cTnI as myocardial marker in the diagnosis of early AMI. | [101] | |
| 30 on-pump CABG patients, 30 off-pump CABG patients and a prospective cohort of 120 on-pump CABG patients | n/a | miR-499 had higher sensitivity and specificity than cTnI for identifying PMI in cardiac surgery and is a novel, early biomarker for identifying perioperative myocardial infarction in cardiac surgery. | [46] | |
| 70 off-pump CABG patients | n/a | A strong positive correlation between miR-499 and plasma concentration of cTnI and miR-499 and ventricle contractility (EF%) was observed. | [92] | |
| 29 ACS patients undergoing CABG surgery | n/a | The level of miR-499 was not increased after CABG surgery in ACS patients. | [88] |
Abbreviations: MI (myocardial infarction); AMI (acute myocardial infarction); ASC (acute coronary syndrome); STEMI (ST elevation myocardial infarction); NSTEMI (non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction); CAD (coronary artery disease); LV (left ventricle); LVEF (left ventricle ejection fraction); cTnI (cardiac troponin I); cTnT (cardiac troponin T); hs-cTnI (high sensitivity cardiac troponin I); CABG (coronary artery grafting); CHF (congestive heart failure); SAP (stable angina pectoris); CK-MB (creatine kinase-MB); CMR (cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging); IL-6 (interleukine 6).