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Optimum Mn2+ and TritonX-100 concentrations for whole-cell bioconversion. System 1: B. subtilis168 D2/pMA5-alrA-araA. System 2: B. subtilis 168 D1/pMA5-alrA-lacZ-araA. Bioconversion at 40 °C, pH 8 (0.2 mol/L citric acid-Na2HPO4), and cell concentration resulting in an OD of 40 at 600 nm. (a) Mn2+ concentration was set from 0 to 1 mol/L; (b) Triton X-100 concentration was set from 0 to 1%. Results are expressed as mean ± SD obtained from three independent experiments.
