Table 3.
Individual time-points (TP) of measures of oxidative stress and relevant findings for each study.
| Reference | TP0 (0 min) | TP1 (5 min) | TP2 (10 min) | TP3 (20 min) | TP4 (30 min) | TP5 (1 h) | TP6 (2 h) | TP7 (3 h) | TP8 (24 h) | TP9 (48 h) | TP10 (72 h) | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammar et al., 2020 [35] | 0 min | 5 min | 10 min | 20 min | MDA↑ at TP0 in AnEx; MDA↑ at TP2 in CombEx. MDA continued to increase at TP3 in both Ex; GPX, SOD↑ at TP0 in both Ex; AnEx resulted in greater SOD and GPX at TP0 and TP1. SOD peaked at TP0 in the AnEx; GPX peaked was at TP3 in the CombEx; TAC did not change until TP3 in both Ex. | |||||||
| Baker et al., 2004 [36] | 0 min | 24 h | MDA↑ at TP0 in the TBM protocol; MDA returned to baseline values at TP8. | |||||||||
| Berzosa er al., 2011 [37] | 0 min | GPX, CAT and TAC↑ at TP0 in all three Ex; SOD↑ at TP0 in all-out and high intensity continuous Ex. | ||||||||||
| Bogdanis et al., 2013 [38] | 30 min | 24 h | 48 h | TBARS↑ at TP4 and peaked at TP8 in both pre and post training; Post training resulted in lower TRARS at all TPs. GPX↑ and peaked at TP8 in both pre and post training; CAT↑ and peaked at TP4 in both pre and post training; TAC↑ at TP4 and peaked at TP8 only in pre training. Post training resulted in higher GPX, CAT and TAC in all TPs. | ||||||||
| Bouzid et al., 2014 [39] | 5 min (MDA) | 20 min (SOD, GPX) | MDA↑ at TP1 in old group; GPX and SOD↑ at TP3 in young group. | |||||||||
| Djordjevic et al., 2012 [40] | 0 min | TBARS↓ at TP0 only in non-athletes; CAT↓ at TP0 only in athletes. GSH did not change in both groups. | ||||||||||
| Falone et al., 2010 [41] | 0 min | MDA did not change at TP0 in both amateur runner and untrained group; TAC↓ at TP0 only in untrained group. | ||||||||||
| Finkler et al., 2016 [42] | 5 min | 1 h | TBARS↑ at TP1 and returned to baseline values at TP5; CAT↑ at TP1 and continued to increase at TP5. GPX did not change until TP5. | |||||||||
| Fisher et al., 2011 [43] | 0 min | 3 h | 24 h | TBARS↑ at TP0 in the first and second test and at TP7 in the second test; CAT↑ at TP0 in the first and second test; SOD↑ at TP0 and TP7 in all three tests, and returned to baseline value at TP8; GPX↑ at TP0 in the first and third test, and returned to baseline value at TP7. | ||||||||
| Groussard et al., 2003 [44] | 0 min | 5 min | 10 min | 20 min | 40 min | MDA and TBARS↓ at TP3 and TP5; SOD↓ at TP0; GPX did not change until TP5. | ||||||
| Hajizadeh et al., 2017 [45] | 24 h | SOD and CAT↑ at TP8 in both HICT and group after 24 weeks’ training; MDA and TAC↑ at TP8 only in HIIE group after 24 weeks’ training. | ||||||||||
| Jammes et al., 2004 [46] | 0 min | 5 min | 10 min | 20 min | 30 min | TBARS↑ at TP1 and remained increased until TP4; GSH↓ at TP1 and returned to baseline at TP2. | ||||||
| Jamurtas et al., 2018 [47] | 0 min | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | TBARS and CAT did not change until TP10 in both HIIE and HICE; TAC↑ at TP0 in HICE, and ↑ at TP0 and TP8 in HIIE. | |||||||
| Kyparos et al., 2007 [48] | 0 min | TBARS, CAT and TAC↑ at TP0; GSH↓ at TP0. | ||||||||||
| Miyazaki et al., 2001 [49] | 0 min | TBARS↑ at TP0 in both pre- and post-training; Post training resulted in lower TBARS at TP0; SOD, GPX and CAT did not change at TP0. | ||||||||||
| Parker et al., 2014 [50] | 0 min | OS did not change in all three tests; TAC↑ at TP0 in all three test; 100% VO2max test resulted in the highest TAC at TP0. | ||||||||||
| Parker et al., 2018 [51] | 0 min | 1 h | 2 h | 3 h | TBARS and SOD↓ at TP0, TP5 and TP6 in both HIIE and SIE; CAT did not change until TP7 in both HIIE and SIE. | |||||||
| Seifi-Skishahr et al., 2008 [52] | 0 min | 2 h | 24 h | MDA↑ at TP6. | ||||||||
| Steinberg et al., 2007 [53] | 0 min | 5 min | 10 min | 20 min | 30 min | TBARS↑ at TP1 and TP2; GSH↓ at TP2 and TP3. | ||||||
| Wadley et al., 2016 [54] | 0 min | 30 min | TAC↑ at TP4 relative to TP0 in both LV-HIIE and HICE. | |||||||||
| Wiecek et al., 2018 [55] | 3 min | 15 min | 30 min | 1 h | 24 h | SOD↓ at TP3 relative to TP1; SOD↑ at TP4 and returned to baseline value at TP8; CAT↓ at TP3 relative to TP1; CAT↓ at TP5 and returned to baseline value at TP8; GPX↓ at TP3 and ↑ at TP8. |
Note: AnEx, Anerobic exercise; CAT, catalase; CombEX, Combined exercise; Ex, exercise; GPX, glutathione peroxidase activity; GSH, glutathione; MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TAC, total antioxidant capacity; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance; TP, time-point; ↑, significantly increase; ↓, significantly decrease.