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Schematic representation of phase crystallographic transformation of NiTi alloy induced by stress or temperature variation. Austenite has a body-centred cubic crystal lattice, whilst martensite can be divided in two different forms with different crystallographic organization: the twinned martensite that forms the structure of a closely packed hexagonal lattice and the deformed martensite or the detwinned martensite when there is a ‘flipping over’ type of shear [27].
