| OXA | Oxacillinases |
| ESKAPE | Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| AMR | Antimicrobial Resistance |
| MDR | Multidrug Resistance |
| blaOXA | OXA β-lactamase |
| ARG | Antibiotic Resistance Gene |
| MSA | Multiple Sequence Alignment |
| HMM | Hidden Markov Model |
| RMSD | Root Mean Square Deviation |
| CBMAR | Comprehensive Beta-lactamase Molecular Annotation Resource |
| NCBI | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| NR | Non Redundant |
| BLDB | Beta-Lactamase Database |
| NJ | Neighbor joining |
| BLAST | Basic Local Alignment Search Tool |
| BEAST | Bayesian evolutionary analysis through a simple tutorial |
| BEAUti | Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis Utility |
| MCMC | Markov chain Monte Carlo |