Figure 4.

Spike and RBD of SARS-CoV-2 promotes proinflammatory cytokine production by DCs. Cells were incubated with the indicated stimulus, and the concentration of different cytokines secreted after 24 h was measured in supernatants by ELISA. IL-6 (A), TNF⍺ (B), IL-1β (C), and IL-10 (D). The graphs show mean ± SEM of two independent experiments; N.D., not detected; multiple comparisons of the values of different treatments by using One-way ANOVA test. n = 4 donors in each case. Only significant differences are indicated. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.02, *** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.006.