Table 3.
Correlations between non-clinical symptoms of a low mood or depression and coping strategies in difficult and stressful situations for general (n = 114) and online (n = 58) and hybrid learning group (n = 56).
| SPEARMAN’S RHO (p) | QUESTIONNAIRE | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative Psychological State | Negative Thoughts | Loss of Cognitive Activity | Self-Esteem | Substance Abuse | |||
| COPE | Active coping with stress | global | −0.214 * | −0.143 | −0.158 | 0.376 ** | −0.408 ** |
| online | −0.262 * | −0.019 | −0.328 * | 0.387 ** | −0.517 ** | ||
| hybrid | −0.224 | −0.313 * | −0.086 | 0.331 * | −0.302 * | ||
| Planning | global | −0.167 | −0.143 | −0.140 | 0.288 ** | −0.301 ** | |
| online | −0.114 | 0.008 | −0.291 * | 0.257 | −0.328 * | ||
| hybrid | −0.276 * | −0.318 * | −0.041 | 0.274 * | −0.296 * | ||
| Positive revaluation | global | −0.245 ** | −0.242 ** | −0.116 | 0.420 ** | −0.195 * | |
| online | 0.040 | 0.031 | −0.103 | 0.417 ** | −0.284 * | ||
| hybrid | −0.554 ** | −0.501 ** | −0.182 | 0.388 ** | −0.095 | ||
| Acceptance | global | −0.144 | −0.127 | −0.047 | 0.312 ** | −0.267 ** | |
| online | −0.012 | 0.082 | 0.010 | 0.285 * | −0.346 ** | ||
| hybrid | −0.337 * | −0.368 ** | −0.158 | 0.268 * | −0.194 | ||
| Sense of humor | global | −0.008 | −0.019 | 0.066 | 0.128 | 0.057 | |
| online | 0.066 | 0.148 | 0.048 | 0.121 | 0.019 | ||
| hybrid | −0.104 | −0.190 | 0.081 | 0.125 | 0.105 | ||
| Turning to religion | global | 0.046 | 0.014 | 0.025 | 0.126 | 0.007 | |
| online | 0.229 | 0.112 | 0.133 | 0.170 | −0.055 | ||
| hybrid | −0.135 | −0.069 | −0.095 | 0.104 | 0.063 | ||
| Seeking emotional support | global | −0.236 * | −0.239 * | −0.094 | 0.447 ** | −0.171 | |
| online | −0.187 | −0.037 | −0.074 | 0.289 * | −0.177 | ||
| hybrid | −0.341 * | −0.481 ** | −0.192 | 0.527 ** | −0.192 | ||
| Seeking instrumental support | global | −0.054 | −0.108 | 0.013 | 0.474 ** | −0.126 | |
| online | 0.035 | 0.058 | −0.040 | 0.305 * | −0.226 | ||
| hybrid | −0.178 | −0.299 * | −0.009 | 0.574 ** | −0.029 | ||
| Getting engaged in various activities | global | 0.028 | 0.088 | 0.064 | 0.056 | −0.056 | |
| online | −0.019 | 0.043 | −0.149 | 0.222 | −0.136 | ||
| hybrid | 0.043 | 0.095 | 0.248 | −0.134 | 0.037 | ||
| Denial | global | 0.328 ** | 0.231 * | 0.220 * | −0.062 | 0.184 | |
| online | 0.494 ** | 0.254 | 0.321 * | 0.095 | 0.239 | ||
| hybrid | 0.227 | 0.312 * | 0.204 | −0.157 | 0.115 | ||
| Venting emotions | global | 0.257 ** | 0.243 ** | 0.346 ** | 0.015 | 0.187 * | |
| online | 0.282 * | 0.296 * | 0.368 ** | 0.125 | 0.222 | ||
| hybrid | 0.205 | 0.151 | 0.304 * | −0.134 | 0.155 | ||
| Taking psychoactive substances | global | 0.057 | 0.022 | 0.084 | −0.275 ** | 0.651 ** | |
| online | 0.112 | 0.018 | 0.216 | −0.372 ** | 0.754 ** | ||
| hybrid | 0.032 | 0.071 | −0.028 | −0.139 | 0.498 ** | ||
| Resignation | global | 0.405 ** | 0.283 ** | 0.302 ** | −0.285 ** | 0.346 ** | |
| online | 0.525 ** | 0.177 | 0.466 ** | −0.112 | 0.392 ** | ||
| hybrid | 0.331 * | 0.441 ** | 0.196 | −0.442 ** | 0.314 * | ||
| Self-blame | global | 0.416 ** | 0.626 ** | 0.289 ** | −0.419 ** | 0.149 | |
| online | 0.198 | 0.619 ** | 0.141 | −0.267 * | 0.213 | ||
| hybrid | 0.600 ** | 0.623 ** | 0.423 ** | −0.621 ** | 0.107 | ||
**. Correlation significant at 0.01 level (two-sided). *. Correlation significant at the 0.05 level (two-sided). Explanations: Questionnaire FACTOR I_Negative psychological state; FACTOR II_Negative thoughts; FACTOR III_Loss of cognitive activity; FACTOR IV_Self-esteem; FACTOR V_Substance abuse.