Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Study Cohort (n = 160) | |
|---|---|
| Age (mean, median, IQR) | 65; 67; 59–72 |
| Sex (male), no. (%). | 85 (53.1%) |
| BMI (mean, median, IQR) | 26.0; 25.5; 22.8–28.4 |
| <20 | 8 (5%) |
| 20–30 | 128 (80%) |
| >30 | 24 (15%) |
| ECOG score | |
| 0 | 101 (63.1%) |
| 1 | 50 (31.3%) |
| 2 | 8 (5%) |
| 3 | 1 (0.6%) |
| ASA score | |
| 1 | 16 (10%) |
| 2 | 113 (70.6%) |
| 3 | 31 (19.4%) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Cardiac | 35 (21.9%) |
| Vascular | 49 (30.6%) |
| Diabetes | 28 (17.5%) |
| Pulmonary | 15 (9.4%) |
| No complications | 35 (21.9%) |
| Complications | 125 (78.1%) |
| Clavien–Dindo I/II | 87 (54.4%) |
| Clavien–Dindo IIIa | 23 (14.4%) |
| Clavien–Dindo IIIb | 5 (3.1%) |
| Clavien–Dindo IV | 10 (6.3%) |
| Unplanned readmissions | 40 (25%) |
| No complications | 3 (7.5%) |
| Clavien–Dindo I/II | 18 (45%) |
| Clavien–Dindo III | 16 (40%) |
| Clavien–Dindo IV | 3 (7.5%) |
| CCI score | |
| 0–10 | 30 (18.8%) |
| 10–20 | 10 (6.3%) |
| 20–30 | 45 (28.1%) |
| 30–40 | 18 (11.3%) |
| 40–50 | 11 (6.9%) |
| >50 | 11 (6.9%) |
| Mortality, no. (%) | 0 (-) |
| Pathology | |
| Adenocarcinoma | 112 (70%) |
| Neuroendocrine neoplasm | 13 (8.1%) |
| IPMN (Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm) | 9 (5.6%) |
| Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm | 1 (0.6%) |
| Adenoma Intestinal Type | 7 (4.4%) |
| Serous Cystadenoma | 1 (0.6%) |
| Chronic Pancreatitis | 4 (2.5%) |
| Other/Unknown | 13 (8.1%) |
| Origin of tumor | |
| Pancreas | 80 (50%) |
| Distal bile duct | 24 (15%) |
| Ampulla of Vater | 22 (13.8%) |
| Duodenum | 16 (10%) |
| Other/Unknown | 18 (11.3%) |
| Type of resection | |
| Classic Whipple | 35 (21.9%) |
| PPPD | 125 (78.1%) |
| Vascular resection | 26 (16.3%) |
| Preoperative biliary stenting | |
| No | 62 (38.8%) |
| ERCP | 91 (56.9%) |
| PTC | 6 (3.8% |
| Unknown | 1 (0.6%) |